---
title: brown — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brown» in the school dictionary: Brown is the colour of chocolate, wood or soil. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brown

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Brown, outside, She, many, 9 brown cows, leaves · **What happens:** be, turn, have, fall, wrap, add · **To what, where:** colour, 4 brown dogs, barn, brown hair, parcel, brown paper

<!-- .vabout -->
«brown» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brown in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brown.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brown is the colour of chocolate, wood or soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:m1:1
# text = Brown is the colour of chocolate, wood or soil.
1	Brown	Brown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Brown | the colour and wood or soil |  |  |  | of chocolate | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To brown food is to cook it until its outside turns brown, like toast or onions.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:m2:1
# text = To brown food is to cook it until its outside turns brown, like toast or onions.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cook	cook	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	outside	outside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	onions	onion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to brown food; cook *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | food's outside |  |  |  |  | like toast or onions; brown *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 12 brown and 7 white eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x1:1
# text = There are 12 brown and 7 white eggs.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | brown and 7 white eggs |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has 4 brown dogs and 2 black dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x2:1
# text = She has 4 brown dogs and 2 black dogs.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | 4 brown dogs and 2 black dogs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many of the 30 bears are brown?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x3:1
# text = How many of the 30 bears are brown?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many of the 30 bears |  |  |  |  | brown *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
9 brown cows are in the barn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x4:1
# text = 9 brown cows are in the barn.
1	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 9 brown cows |  |  | the barn |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves turn brown and fall in autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x5:1
# text = The leaves turn brown and fall in autumn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the leaves |  |  |  |  | brown *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | present | the leaves *not said here* |  |  |  | autumn |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has brown hair and brown eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x6:1
# text = He has brown hair and brown eyes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | brown hair and brown eyes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wrap the parcel in brown paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x7:1
# text = Wrap the parcel in brown paper.
1	Wrap	wrap	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	parcel	parcel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | imperative | you *not said here* | the parcel |  | brown paper |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent parcel=Theme in paper=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brown the onions in a pan before adding the soup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x8:1
# text = Brown the onions in a pan before adding the soup.
1	Brown	Brown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	onions	onion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | a pan *not said here* | the soup |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soup=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What beautiful brown spots on your face!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brown:x9:1
# text = What beautiful brown spots on your face!
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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