---
title: brushing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brushing» in the school dictionary: Brushing means cleaning or tidying something with a brush: brushing your teeth, brushing your hair. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brushing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Brushing, you, leaves, act, I, She · **What happens:** mean, clean, tidy, brush, touch, pass · **To what, where:** something, teeth, hair, face, paint, act

<!-- .vabout -->
«brushing» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brushing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brushing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing means cleaning or tidying something with a brush: brushing your teeth, brushing your hair.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:m1:1
# text = Brushing means cleaning or tidying something with a brush: brushing your teeth, brushing your hair.
1	Brushing	brushing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cleaning	clean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	tidying	tidy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	brush	brush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Brushing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **clean** *not said to happen* | gerund | Brushing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **tidy** | gerund | Brushing *not said here* | something |  |  |  | with a brush | tree rules |
| 4 | **brush** | gerund |  | your teeth |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |
| 5 | **brush** | gerund |  | your hair |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hair=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing means touching something lightly as you pass: the leaves were brushing my face.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:m2:1
# text = Brushing means touching something lightly as you pass: the leaves were brushing my face.
1	Brushing	brushing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Brushing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **touch** *not said to happen* | gerund | Brushing *not said here* | something |  |  |  | lightly *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **pass** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **brush** | past · progressive | the leaves | my face |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing can mean putting paint, oil or egg on something with a brush.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:m3:1
# text = Brushing can mean putting paint, oil or egg on something with a brush.
1	Brushing	brushing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	xcomp	_	_
5	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	brush	brush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Brushing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **put** *not said to happen* | gerund | Brushing *not said here* | paint and oil or egg |  | something |  | with a brush | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent paint=Theme on something=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a noun, brushing is the act of cleaning with a brush.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:m4:1
# text = As a noun, brushing is the act of cleaning with a brush.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	brushing	brushing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cleaning	clean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	brush	brush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | brushing | the act |  |  |  | as a noun | tree rules |
| 2 | **clean** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a brush | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with brush=Instrument |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm brushing my teeth before bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x1:1
# text = I'm brushing my teeth before bed.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | present · progressive | I | my teeth |  | bed |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme before bed=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing twice a day keeps your teeth healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x2:1
# text = Brushing twice a day keeps your teeth healthy.
1	Brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day | twice *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Brushing | your teeth |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing your teeth should take about two minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x3:1
# text = Brushing your teeth should take about two minutes.
1	Brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | gerund |  | your teeth |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | should | Brushing |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is brushing the dog's fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x4:1
# text = She is brushing the dog's fur.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | present · progressive | She | the dog's fur |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fur=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat was brushing against my legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x5:1
# text = The cat was brushing against my legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | past · progressive | the cat |  |  | my legs |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent against leg=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad was brushing egg on the pastry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x6:1
# text = Dad was brushing egg on the pastry.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | past · progressive | Dad | egg |  | the pastry |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on pastry=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm brushing up on my times tables before the test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x7:1
# text = I'm brushing up on my times tables before the test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush up** | present · progressive | I |  |  | times tables | before the test |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on table=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't forget brushing your tongue too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x8:1
# text = Don't forget brushing your tongue too.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	forget	forget	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **forget** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **brush** | gerund | you *not said here* | your tongue |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tongue=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After some time, however, a gentleman who came to his master’s house gave Whittington a penny for brushing his shoes.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushing:x9:1
# text = After some time, however, a gentleman who came to his master’s house gave Whittington a penny for brushing his shoes.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	however	however	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’s	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	Whittington	Whittington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	iobj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	penny	penny	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a gentleman |  |  | gentleman's master's house |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to house=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **give** | past | a gentleman | a penny | Whittington |  | time | however *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent whittington=Recipient penny=Theme |
| 3 | **brush** | gerund | a gentleman *not said here* | gentleman's shoes |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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