---
title: brushwood — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brushwood» in the school dictionary: Small broken branches and twigs lying on the ground or cut from trees. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brushwood

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Small broken branches, We, rabbit, Dry brushwood, farmer, Mole · **What happens:** break, lie, cut, gather, light, block · **To what, where:** ground, trees, brushwood, campfire, path, edge

<!-- .vabout -->
«brushwood» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brushwood in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brushwood.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small broken branches and twigs lying on the ground or cut from trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:m1:1
# text = Small broken branches and twigs lying on the ground or cut from trees.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	twigs	twig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | Small broken branches and twigs *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location |
| 3 | **cut** | participle | Small broken branches and twigs *not said here* |  |  | trees |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from tree=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick, low undergrowth of small bushes and shrubs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:m2:1
# text = Thick, low undergrowth of small bushes and shrubs.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	undergrowth	undergrowth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	shrubs	shrub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We gathered brushwood to light the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x1:1
# text = We gathered brushwood to light the campfire.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	light	light	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | We | brushwood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **light** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the campfire |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent campfire=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path was blocked with brushwood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x2:1
# text = The path was blocked with brushwood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | past · passive |  | the path |  |  |  | with brushwood | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with brushwood=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rabbit hid under the brushwood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x3:1
# text = A rabbit hid under the brushwood.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | a rabbit |  |  | the brushwood |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under brushwood=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dry brushwood burns very fast, so be careful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x4:1
# text = Dry brushwood burns very fast, so be careful.
1	Dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present | Dry brushwood |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | Dry brushwood *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer cleared the brushwood from the edge of the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x5:1
# text = The farmer cleared the brushwood from the edge of the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cleared	clear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear** | past | the farmer | the brushwood |  | the edge of the field |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent brushwood=Theme from edge=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mole pushed through the brushwood, frightened by the faces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x6:1
# text = The Mole pushed through the brushwood, frightened by the faces.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mole	mole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | the Mole |  |  | the brushwood |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through brushwood=Trajectory |
| 2 | **frighten** | participle |  | the brushwood *not said here* |  |  |  | by the faces | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the man replied, ‘Why, I’ve merely been gathering a handful of brushwood.’

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brushwood:x7:1
# text = And the man replied, ‘Why, I’ve merely been gathering a handful of brushwood.’
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’ve	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux	_	_
13	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	handful	handful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	brushwood	brushwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the man |  |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gather** | present · perfect · progressive | I | a handful of brushwood |  |  |  | merely *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handful=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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