---
title: buck — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buck» in the school dictionary: A dollar. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buck

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, ice cream, buck, doe, horse, it · **What happens:** jump, arch, kick, pass, make, buck up · **To what, where:** back legs, buck, someone, three bucks, ten bucks, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«buck» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buck in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buck.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, USA, Canada, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dollar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:m1:1
# text = A dollar.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A male deer, rabbit or hare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:m2:1
# text = A male deer, rabbit or hare.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a horse: to jump with its back arched and kick its back legs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:m3:1
# text = Of a horse: to jump with its back arched and kick its back legs.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	jump	jump	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	arched	arch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	kick	kick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of a horse; with horse's back | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of horse=Trajectory |
| 2 | **arch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kick** | infinitive |  | back's back legs |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
pass the buck: to make someone else responsible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:m4:1
# text = pass the buck: to make someone else responsible.
1	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	else	else	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | imperative | you *not said here* | the buck |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme buck=Trajectory |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  | responsible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
buck up (informal): cheer up or hurry up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:m5:1
# text = buck up (informal): cheer up or hurry up.
1	buck	buck	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buck up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cheer up** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **hurry up** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice cream cost three bucks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x1:1
# text = The ice cream cost three bucks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cost	cost	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	bucks	buck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | past | the ice cream | three bucks |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme buck=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you lend me ten bucks?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x2:1
# text = Can you lend me ten bucks?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	bucks	buck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | can | you | ten bucks | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient buck=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A buck has antlers; a doe does not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x3:1
# text = A buck has antlers; a doe does not.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	doe	doe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a buck | antlers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **do** | present | a doe |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse bucked and threw the rider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x4:1
# text = The horse bucked and threw the rider.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	bucked	buck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
5	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buck** | participle |  | the horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **throw** | past | the horse | the rider |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rider=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buck up, it's not that bad!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x5:1
# text = Buck up, it's not that bad!
1	Buck	buck	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	that	that	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buck up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | bad, that *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't pass the buck: it was your job.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x6:1
# text = Don't pass the buck: it was your job.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pass** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the buck |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme buck=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is a** | past | buck | your job |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He made a few bucks washing cars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x7:1
# text = He made a few bucks washing cars.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bucks	buck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | He | a few bucks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wash** | gerund | a few bucks *not said here* | cars |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A doe now, or even a young buck?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buck:x8:1
# text = A doe now, or even a young buck?
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doe	doe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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