---
title: buckler — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buckler» in the school dictionary: A small round shield held in the hand, used in old times (old use). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buckler

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** heavens, swords, He, knight · **What happens:** hold, use, protect, ring, clash, swing · **To what, where:** small round shield, hand, buckler, himself, blow

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«buckler» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buckler in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buckler.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small round shield held in the hand, used in old times (old use).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buckler:m1:1
# text = A small round shield held in the hand, used in old times (old use).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | participle |  | a small round shield *not said here* |  | the hand |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hand=Location |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a small round shield *not said here* |  |  | time |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
to protect with a shield.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buckler:m2:1
# text = to protect with a shield.
1	to	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	protect	protect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a shield | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a moment the heavens rang to the clash of swords on bucklers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buckler:x1:1
# text = In a moment the heavens rang to the clash of swords on bucklers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	clash	clash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	bucklers	buckler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the heavens |  |  |  | moment | to the clash of swords on bucklers | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clash** |  | swords on bucklers |  |  |  |  |  | nom clash «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He swung his buckler forward to guard himself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buckler:x2:1
# text = He swung his buckler forward to guard himself.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	buckler	buckler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	guard	guard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | He | his buckler |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent buckler=Theme |
| 2 | **guard** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight raised his buckler against the blow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buckler:x3:1
# text = The knight raised his buckler against the blow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	buckler	buckler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the knight | knight's buckler |  | the blow |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent buckler=Theme against blow=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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