---
title: bud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bud» in the school dictionary: A bud is a small swelling on a plant that will open into a leaf or a flower. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bud, plant, trees, budding artist, rose, buds · **What happens:** be, open, mean, grow, bud, start · **To what, where:** small swelling, plant, leaf, buds, friendly word, one

<!-- .vabout -->
«bud» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bud is a small swelling on a plant that will open into a leaf or a flower.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:m1:1
# text = A bud is a small swelling on a plant that will open into a leaf or a flower.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bud | a small swelling |  | a plant |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** | future | a plant |  |  | a leaf or a flower |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into leaf=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bud means to grow buds: the trees are budding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:m2:1
# text = To bud means to grow buds: the trees are budding.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	budding	bud	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | bud |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | bud *not said here* | buds |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bud=Theme |
| 3 | **bud** | present · progressive | the trees |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bud» (informal, mostly American) is a friendly word for a friend or a boy.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:m3:1
# text = «Bud» (informal, mostly American) is a friendly word for a friend or a boy.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bud	Bud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bud | a friendly word |  |  |  | for a friend or a boy | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A budding artist is one who is just starting and may become good.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:m4:1
# text = A budding artist is one who is just starting and may become good.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	budding	budding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a budding artist | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **become** | may |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rose has three buds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x1:1
# text = The rose has three buds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the rose | three buds |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In spring, buds appear on the trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x2:1
# text = In spring, buds appear on the trees.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present | buds |  |  | the trees | spring |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bud opened into a flower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x3:1
# text = The bud opened into a flower.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the bud |  |  | a flower |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into flower=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My taste buds love sour sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x4:1
# text = My taste buds love sour sweets.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | My taste buds | sour sweets |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sweet=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thanks, bud!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x5:1
# text = Thanks, bud!
1	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a budding scientist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x6:1
# text = She is a budding scientist.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	budding	budding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a budding scientist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nip bad habits in the bud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x7:1
# text = Nip bad habits in the bud.
1	Nip	nip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	habits	habit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put in your earbuds to listen to music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x8:1
# text = Put in your earbuds to listen to music.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	earbuds	earbud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your earbuds |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in earbud=Destination |
| 2 | **listen** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to music | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a simple daisy, just bursting out of the bud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bud:x9:1
# text = It is a simple daisy, just bursting out of the bud.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	daisy	daisy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	bursting	burst	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a simple daisy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burst out** | gerund | a simple daisy *not said here* | the bud |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bud=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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