---
title: buddhism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buddhism» in the school dictionary: Buddhism is a religion and way of life that follows the teaching of the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama), who taught how to end suffering through wisdom, kindness and meditation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buddhism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Buddhism, life, teaching, meditation, family, We · **What happens:** be, follow, teach, end, begin, help · **To what, where:** religion, teaching, suffering, wisdom, Buddha, India

<!-- .vabout -->
«buddhism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buddhism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buddhism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buddhism is a religion and way of life that follows the teaching of the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama), who taught how to end suffering through wisdom, kindness and meditation.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:m1:1
# text = Buddhism is a religion and way of life that follows the teaching of the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama), who taught how to end suffering through wisdom, kindness and meditation.
1	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	teaching	teaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Siddhartha	Siddhartha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Gautama	gautama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
23	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
26	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	through	through	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Buddhism | a religion and way of life |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | present | life | the teaching of the Buddha |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teaching=Theme |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the teaching of the Buddha |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **end** | to-infinitive | the teaching of the Buddha *not said here* | suffering |  | wisdom and kindness and meditation |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality suffering=Eventuality |
| 5 | **teach** |  |  | the Buddha |  |  |  |  | nom teaching «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buddhism began in India long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x1:1
# text = Buddhism began in India long ago.
1	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Buddhism |  |  | India |  | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Buddhism, meditation helps calm the mind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x2:1
# text = In Buddhism, meditation helps calm the mind.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	calm	calm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | meditation |  |  | Buddhism |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **calm** | infinitive | meditation *not said here* | the mind |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mind=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lin's family follows Buddhism and visits the temple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x3:1
# text = Lin's family follows Buddhism and visits the temple.
1	Lin	Lin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	visits	visit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | Lin's family | Buddhism |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buddhism=Theme |
| 2 | **visit** | present | Lin's family *not said here* | the temple |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temple=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buddhism teaches kindness to all living things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x4:1
# text = Buddhism teaches kindness to all living things.
1	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Buddhism | kindness | all living things |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kindness=Topic to thing=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned the Eightfold Path in our lesson on Buddhism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x5:1
# text = We learned the Eightfold Path in our lesson on Buddhism.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Eightfold	Eightfold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | the Eightfold Path |  | our lesson on Buddhism |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Buddhists do not eat meat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x6:1
# text = Many Buddhists do not eat meat.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | Many Buddhists | meat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is probable that they were brought over on the first introduction of Buddhism into Ceylon, c. 241 B.C.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddhism:x7:1
# text = It is probable that they were brought over on the first introduction of Buddhism into Ceylon, c. 241 B.C.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	probable	probable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
12	introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ceylon	Ceylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	c.	c.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	19	nsubj	_	_
19	241	241	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	appos	_	_
20	B.C	B.C	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | probable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring over** | past · passive |  | they |  | the first introduction of Buddhism into Ceylon |  | over *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on introduction=Destination |
| 3 | **introduce** |  |  | Buddhism into Ceylon |  |  |  |  | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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