---
title: budding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «budding» in the school dictionary: Just starting to grow or develop; beginning to show promise. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# budding

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**Who acts:** first green leaves, snail, rose tree, She · **What happens:** start, grow, develop, begin, show, form · **To what, where:** promise, buds, rose tree, budding artist

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«budding» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [budding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/budding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just starting to grow or develop; beginning to show promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:budding:m1:1
# text = Just starting to grow or develop; beginning to show promise.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	develop	develop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **develop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **begin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | promise |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent promise=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a plant, beginning to form buds or new leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:budding:m2:1
# text = Of a plant, beginning to form buds or new leaves.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a plant | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **form** | to-infinitive |  | buds or new leaves |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bud=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first green leaves were budding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:budding:x1:1
# text = The first green leaves were budding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
3	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	budding	bud	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bud** | past · progressive | the first green leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snail lay under the rose-tree, which was budding again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:budding:x2:1
# text = The snail lay under the rose-tree, which was budding again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snail	snail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	budding	bud	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | the snail |  |  | the rose tree |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location |
| 2 | **bud** | past · progressive | the rose tree |  |  |  | again |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a budding artist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:budding:x3:1
# text = She is a budding artist.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	budding	budding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a budding artist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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