---
title: buddy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buddy» in the school dictionary: A buddy (informal) is a friend or partner. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buddy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** buddy, Max, you, reading buddy, We, Divers · **What happens:** be, pair, help, look, swim, buddy up · **To what, where:** friend, partner, you, best buddy, school trip, buddy bench

<!-- .vabout -->
«buddy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buddy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buddy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A buddy (informal) is a friend or partner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:m1:1
# text = A buddy (informal) is a friend or partner.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a buddy | a friend or partner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A buddy is a partner you are paired with to help and look after each other, as in a buddy system at school or when swimming.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:m2:1
# text = A buddy is a partner you are paired with to help and look after each other, as in a buddy system at school or when swimming.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	paired	pair	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	after	after	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	13	obl	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	27	mark	_	_
27	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a buddy | a partner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pair** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | after each | as a buddy system at school | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **swim** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To buddy up is to pair up with someone as partners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:m3:1
# text = To buddy up is to pair up with someone as partners.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	buddy	buddy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pair	pair	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	partners	partner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buddy up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with someone; as partners; pair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Max is my best buddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x1:1
# text = Max is my best buddy.
1	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Max | my best buddy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the school trip, stay with your buddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x2:1
# text = On the school trip, stay with your buddy.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the school trip |  | with your buddy | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on trip=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My reading buddy is in Year Six.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x3:1
# text = My reading buddy is in Year Six.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	Six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My reading buddy |  |  |  | in Year |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you're lonely, sit on the buddy bench.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x4:1
# text = If you're lonely, sit on the buddy bench.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bench	bench	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | lonely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the buddy bench |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bench=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We buddied up for the science experiment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x5:1
# text = We buddied up for the science experiment.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	buddied	buddy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buddy up** | past | We |  |  |  |  | for the science experiment | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Divers always swim with a buddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x6:1
# text = Divers always swim with a buddy.
1	Divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | Divers |  |  |  |  | with a buddy; always *property* | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with buddy=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hey, buddy, can you help me?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x7:1
# text = Hey, buddy, can you help me?
1	Hey	hey	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	buddy	buddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | you |  | me |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count your buddies before you leave the pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buddy:x8:1
# text = Count your buddies before you leave the pool.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	buddies	buddy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | your buddies |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buddy=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | present | you | the pool |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pool=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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