---
title: bugger — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bugger» in the school dictionary: A swear word said when something goes wrong ("Bugger! I missed the bus"). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bugger

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** swear word, something, I, lid, You, Bugger · **What happens:** say, go, miss, be, open, bugger · **To what, where:** Bugger, bus, nothing, spoil, plate, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bugger» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bugger in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bugger.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, UK, Australia, Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A swear word said when something goes wrong ("Bugger! I missed the bus").

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A swear word said when something goes wrong ("Bugger!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:m1:1
# text = A swear word said when something goes wrong ("Bugger!
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	swear	swear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
7	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a swear word |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | present | something | Bugger |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I missed the bus").

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:m1:2
# text = I missed the bus").
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **miss** | past | I | the bus |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bus=Stimulus |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An annoying or difficult person or thing ("This lid is a bugger to open").

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:m2:1
# text = An annoying or difficult person or thing ("This lid is a bugger to open").
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this lid | a bugger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK, Australia, affectionate — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheeky person, often a child ("You little bugger!").

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:m3:1
# text = A cheeky person, often a child ("You little bugger!").
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bugger** *in a quote* |  | You |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Bugger off" means go away; "bugger all" means nothing; "bugger up" means spoil.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:m4:1
# text = "Bugger off" means go away; "bugger all" means nothing; "bugger up" means spoil.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	bugger	bugger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
21	spoil	spoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bugger |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go away** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | bugger | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bugger up** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **mean** | present | bugger *not said here* | spoil |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spoil=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Bugger!" Dad said when he dropped the plate. (rude)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Bugger!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x1:1
# text = "Bugger!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Dad said when he dropped the plate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x1:2
# text = Dad said when he dropped the plate.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **drop** | past | Dad | the plate |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plate=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (rude)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x1:3
# text = (rude)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This jar is a bugger to open. (rude)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* This jar is a bugger to open.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x2:1
# text = This jar is a bugger to open.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this jar | a bugger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rude)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x2:2
# text = (rude)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Bugger off and leave me alone!" the old man shouted. (rude)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Bugger off and leave me alone!" the old man shouted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x3:1
# text = "Bugger off and leave me alone!" the old man shouted.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave off** *in a quote* | infinitive | Bugger *not said here* | me |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rude)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x3:2
# text = (rude)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We got bugger all done today. (rude)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* We got bugger all done today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x4:1
# text = We got bugger all done today.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | We | bugger |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bugger=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  | bugger *not said here* |  |  | today | all *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rude)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x4:2
# text = (rude)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You cheeky little bugger," Grandad laughed. (affectionate, rude)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "You cheeky little bugger," Grandad laughed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x5:1
# text = "You cheeky little bugger," Grandad laughed.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bugger** *in a quote* |  | You |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (affectionate, rude)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x5:2
# text = (affectionate, rude)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't say "bugger" at school; it is a swear word.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x6:1
# text = Don't say "bugger" at school; it is a swear word.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	swear	swear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | bugger |  | school |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bugger=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | bugger | a swear word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Lucky bugger won the raffle again," said Uncle Pete. (rude)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Lucky bugger won the raffle again," said Uncle Pete.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x7:1
# text = "Lucky bugger won the raffle again," said Uncle Pete.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lucky	lucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bugger	bugger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	raffle	raffle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Pete	Pete	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** *in a quote* | past | Lucky bugger | the raffle |  |  | again |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raffle=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Uncle Pete |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rude)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugger:x7:2
# text = (rude)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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