---
title: bugle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bugle» in the school dictionary: A bugle is a brass instrument like a small, simple trumpet with no valves, used to play short tunes and signals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bugle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bugle, armies, signals, He, bugler, bugle call · **What happens:** be, use, play, give, wake up, wake · **To what, where:** brass instrument, short tunes, bugles, past, signals, soldiers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bugle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bugle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bugle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bugle is a brass instrument like a small, simple trumpet with no valves, used to play short tunes and signals.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:m1:1
# text = A bugle is a brass instrument like a small, simple trumpet with no valves, used to play short tunes and signals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
15	valves	valve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bugle | a brass instrument |  |  |  | like a small simple trumpet with no valves | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle | a bugle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **play** | to-infinitive | a bugle *not said here* | short tunes and signals |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past, armies used bugles to give signals such as wake up, march or attack.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:m2:1
# text = In the past, armies used bugles to give signals such as wake up, march or attack.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bugles	bugle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	wake	wake	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	march	march	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | armies | bugles |  | the past |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent bugle=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | armies *not said here* | signals  march or attack |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme |
| 3 | **wake up** | present | signals  march or attack *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bugle woke the soldiers in the morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x1:1
# text = The bugle woke the soldiers in the morning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake** | past | the bugle | the soldiers |  |  | morning |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent soldier=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lone bugle played at the war memorial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x2:1
# text = A lone bugle played at the war memorial.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lone	lone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	memorial	memorial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | participle |  | a lone bugle *not said here* |  | the war memorial |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He blew a loud note on the bugle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x3:1
# text = He blew a loud note on the bugle.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | He | a loud note |  | the bugle |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent note=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bugle has no valves, unlike a trumpet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x4:1
# text = A bugle has no valves, unlike a trumpet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	valves	valve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	unlike	unlike	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a bugle | no valves and a trumpet |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valve=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bugler marched at the front of the band.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x5:1
# text = The bugler marched at the front of the band.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bugler	bugler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | the bugler |  |  | the front of the band |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at front=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At camp, a bugle call told us it was time for breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x6:1
# text = At camp, a bugle call told us it was time for breakfast.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | a bugle call |  | us | camp |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | call | time |  |  |  | for breakfast | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Childe of Lambton swam ashore, and raising his bugle to his lips, sounded its note thrice.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bugle:x7:1
# text = The Childe of Lambton swam ashore, and raising his bugle to his lips, sounded its note thrice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Childe	Childe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Lambton	Lambton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	ashore	ashore	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	raising	raise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	bugle	bugle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	thrice	thrice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | past | the Childe of Lambton |  |  |  |  | ashore *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **raise** | gerund | the Childe of Lambton *not said here* | Childe's bugle |  | Childe's lips |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bugle=Theme to lip=Destination |
| 3 | **sound** | past | the Childe of Lambton *not said here* | bugle's note thrice |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thrice=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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