---
title: bulge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bulge» in the school dictionary: A bulge is a round lump that sticks out from something that is usually flat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bulge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bulge, round lump, something, pockets, eyes, you · **What happens:** be, stick out, push, bulge, not eat, have · **To what, where:** round lump, something, sudden increase, food, bulging tin, big bulge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bulge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bulge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bulge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bulge is a round lump that sticks out from something that is usually flat.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:m1:1
# text = A bulge is a round lump that sticks out from something that is usually flat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bulge	bulge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bulge | a round lump |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick out** | present | a round lump |  |  | something |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | flat, usually *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bulge is to stick out in a round lump because something inside is pushing.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:m2:1
# text = To bulge is to stick out in a round lump because something inside is pushing.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bulge	bulge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stick	stick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	nsubj	_	_
13	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a round lump |  | stick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **push** | present · progressive | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bulge can be a sudden increase, like a bulge in the number of pupils.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:m3:1
# text = A bulge can be a sudden increase, like a bulge in the number of pupils.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bulge	bulge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bulge	bulge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a bulge | a sudden increase |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His pockets were bulging with sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x1:1
# text = His pockets were bulging with sweets.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pockets	pocket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	bulging	bulge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bulge** | past · progressive | His pockets |  |  |  |  | with sweets | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with sweet=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frog's eyes bulged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x2:1
# text = The frog's eyes bulged.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bulged	bulge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bulge** | past | the frog's eyes |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a bulge under the carpet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x3:1
# text = There was a bulge under the carpet.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bulge	bulge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a bulge under the carpet |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't eat food from a bulging tin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x4:1
# text = Don't eat food from a bulging tin.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bulging	bulging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | food |  | a bulging tin |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My school bag is bulging with books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x5:1
# text = My school bag is bulging with books.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	bulging	bulge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bulge** | present · progressive | My school bag |  |  |  |  | with books | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with book=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snake had a big bulge after its meal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x6:1
# text = The snake had a big bulge after its meal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bulge	bulge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the snake | a big bulge |  |  | after snake's meal |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulge=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The strongman had bulging muscles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x7:1
# text = The strongman had bulging muscles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	strongman	strongman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bulging	bulge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the strongman |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bulge** | gerund | the strongman *not said here* | muscles |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location muscle=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The balloon bulged as we blew more air in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x8:1
# text = The balloon bulged as we blew more air in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bulged	bulge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bulge** | past | the balloon |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **blow in** | past | we | more air |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent air=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Scarecrow was thinking again, and his head bulged out so horribly that Dorothy feared it would burst.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulge:x9:1
# text = The Scarecrow was thinking again, and his head bulged out so horribly that Dorothy feared it would burst.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Scarecrow	scarecrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	bulged	bulge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	horribly	horribly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	burst	burst	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past · progressive | the Scarecrow |  |  |  | again |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bulge out** | past | his head |  |  |  |  | horribly *property* | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fear** | past | Dorothy |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **burst** | would | head |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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