---
title: bulk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bulk» in the school dictionary: The bulk of something is most of it: «the bulk of the work». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bulk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bulk, We, paper, great bulk, He, bulk pack · **What happens:** be, mean, buy, bulk up, gain, finish · **To what, where:** large size, bulk, rice, muscle, toilet paper, path · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bulk» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bulk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bulk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bulk of something is most of it: «the bulk of the work».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:m1:1
# text = The bulk of something is most of it: «the bulk of the work».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bulk of something |  |  |  |  | of it; most *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bulk is the large size or weight of something: «the elephant's huge bulk».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:m2:1
# text = Bulk is the large size or weight of something: «the elephant's huge bulk».
1	Bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bulk | the large size or weight of something and the elephant's huge bulk |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In bulk means in large amounts, usually for a cheaper price each: «buy rice in bulk».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:m3:1
# text = In bulk means in large amounts, usually for a cheaper price each: «buy rice in bulk».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | bulk |  | in large amounts | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **buy** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | rice |  | bulk |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rice=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bulk up is to get bigger, often by gaining muscle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:m4:1
# text = To bulk up is to get bigger, often by gaining muscle.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bulk	bulk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	gaining	gain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bulk up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | big, get *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **gain** | gerund |  | muscle |  |  |  | often *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bulk of the class finished early.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x1:1
# text = The bulk of the class finished early.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past | the bulk of the class |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We buy toilet paper in bulk because it's cheaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x2:1
# text = We buy toilet paper in bulk because it's cheaper.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	buy	buy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | present | We | toilet paper |  | bulk |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | paper |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bear's great bulk blocked the path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x3:1
# text = The bear's great bulk blocked the path.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	blocked	block	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | past | the bear's great bulk | the path |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer path=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's trying to bulk up for rugby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x4:1
# text = He's trying to bulk up for rugby.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bulk	bulk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present · progressive | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bulk up** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for rugby | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bulk of the money went on the new library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x5:1
# text = The bulk of the money went on the new library.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the bulk of the money |  |  | the new library |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on library=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bulk pack of 24 pencils costs less per pencil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x6:1
# text = A bulk pack of 24 pencils costs less per pencil.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bulk	bulk	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obj	_	_
9	per	per	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a bulk pack of 24 pencils | less |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great bulk of them are not the immediate work of Æsop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bulk:x7:1
# text = The great bulk of them are not the immediate work of Æsop.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bulk	bulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Æsop	Æsop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | the great bulk of them | the immediate work |  |  |  | of Æsop | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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