---
title: bullfrog — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bullfrog» in the school dictionary: A very large frog, especially the North American bullfrog, with a deep, loud call that sounds like a bull or a cow mooing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bullfrog

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**Who acts:** deep loud call, cow, bullfrog, Bullfrog tadpoles, We, bullfrogs · **What happens:** sound, moo, croak, eat, take, grow up · **To what, where:** pond, small bird, bullfrogs, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«bullfrog» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bullfrog in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bullfrog.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large frog, especially the North American bullfrog, with a deep, loud call that sounds like a bull or a cow mooing.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullfrog:m1:1
# text = A very large frog, especially the North American bullfrog, with a deep, loud call that sounds like a bull or a cow mooing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bullfrog	bullfrog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	mooing	moo	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | a deep loud call |  |  |  |  | like a bull or a cow | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **moo** | gerund | a cow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bullfrog croaked loudly from the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullfrog:x1:1
# text = The bullfrog croaked loudly from the pond.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bullfrog	bullfrog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	croaked	croak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **croak** | past | the bullfrog |  |  | the pond |  | loudly *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from pond=Causer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bullfrog can eat a small bird.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullfrog:x2:1
# text = A bullfrog can eat a small bird.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bullfrog	bullfrog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | can | a bullfrog | a small bird |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bullfrog tadpoles can take two years to grow up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullfrog:x3:1
# text = Bullfrog tadpoles can take two years to grow up.
1	Bullfrog	bullfrog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | can | Bullfrog tadpoles |  |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **grow up** | to-infinitive | Bullfrog tadpoles *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard bullfrogs calling at night by the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullfrog:x4:1
# text = We heard bullfrogs calling at night by the lake.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bullfrogs	bullfrog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | bullfrogs |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bullfrog=Stimulus |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | bullfrogs *not said here* |  |  |  | night | by the lake | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bullfrog jumped into the water with a splash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullfrog:x5:1
# text = The bullfrog jumped into the water with a splash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bullfrog	bullfrog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	splash	splash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the bullfrog |  |  |  |  | into the water *result*; with a splash | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into water=Result |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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