---
title: bullying — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bullying» in the school dictionary: Bullying is when someone hurts, frightens or leaves out another person on purpose, again and again, often because they think they are stronger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bullying

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, Bullying, they, you, school, Leaving · **What happens:** be, frighten, leave out, think, mean, treat · **To what, where:** person, purpose, someone, teacher, you, rule · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bullying» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bullying in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bullying.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bullying is when someone hurts, frightens or leaves out another person on purpose, again and again, often because they think they are stronger.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:m1:1
# text = Bullying is when someone hurts, frightens or leaves out another person on purpose, again and again, often because they think they are stronger.
1	Bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	frightens	frighten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	again	again	ADV	RB	_	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | hurt *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **frighten** | present | Bullying |  |  |  | again |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **leave out** | present | Bullying *not said here* | another person |  | purpose |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | they |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As part of the verb, bullying means treating someone like this now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:m2:1
# text = As part of the verb, bullying means treating someone like this now.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	treating	treat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	nmod	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | bullying |  |  |  |  | as part of the verb | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **treat** *not said to happen* | gerund | bullying *not said here* |  | someone |  | now | like this | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bullying is never okay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x1:1
# text = Bullying is never okay.
1	Bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	okay	okay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Bullying |  |  |  |  | okay *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell a teacher if someone is bullying you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x2:1
# text = Tell a teacher if someone is bullying you.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 2 | **bully** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · progressive | someone |  | you |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has a rule against bullying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x3:1
# text = Our school has a rule against bullying.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | a rule |  |  |  | against bullying | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaving someone out on purpose can be bullying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x4:1
# text = Leaving someone out on purpose can be bullying.
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
8	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | gerund |  | someone |  | purpose |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **bully** | can · progressive | Leaving |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cyberbullying happens online.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x5:1
# text = Cyberbullying happens online.
1	Cyberbullying	cyberbullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	online	online	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Cyberbullying |  |  |  |  | online *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stopped bullying after the teacher spoke to him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x6:1
# text = He stopped bullying after the teacher spoke to him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bully** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the teacher |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you see bullying, don't join in — get help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x7:1
# text = If you see bullying, don't join in — get help.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	join	join	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | bullying |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bullying=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **join in** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive | you *not said here* | help |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer help=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's not your fault if you are being bullied.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bullying:x8:1
# text = It's not your fault if you are being bullied.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	bullied	bully	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | It | your fault |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bully** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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