---
title: bum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bum» in the school dictionary: Your bottom, the part you sit on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, homeless person, person, Bum, baby, He · **What happens:** sit on, not work, be, spend, bum, ask · **To what, where:** part, hobby, something, someone, ride, deep booming sound

<!-- .vabout -->
«bum» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK/Australia — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your bottom, the part you sit on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:m1:1
# text = Your bottom, the part you sit on.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit on** | present | you | the part *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location part=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A homeless person or someone who will not work; can be unkind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:m2:1
# text = A homeless person or someone who will not work; can be unkind.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **work** | future |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | can | a homeless person |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who spends all their time on a hobby (a beach bum, a gym bum).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:m3:1
# text = A person who spends all their time on a hobby (a beach bum, a gym bum).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spends	spend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | present | a person |  |  |  | time | on a hobby *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent on hobby=Goal |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bum something: to ask someone for it for free (bum a ride).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:m4:1
# text = To bum something: to ask someone for it for free (bum a ride).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bum	bum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	bum	bum	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bum** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  |  | someone |  |  | for it; for free | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |
| 3 | **bum** | infinitive |  | a ride |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad or poor quality (a bum deal, a bum knee).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:m5:1
# text = Bad or poor quality (a bum deal, a bum knee).
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bum can also be a deep booming sound, like a cannon or a drum.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:m6:1
# text = Bum can also be a deep booming sound, like a cannon or a drum.
1	Bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	booming	booming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cannon	cannon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Bum | a deep booming sound |  |  |  | like a cannon or a drum | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby fell on his bum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x1:1
# text = The baby fell on his bum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the baby |  |  | baby's bum |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on bum=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sit on your bum and stay still! (UK, informal)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sit on your bum and stay still!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x2:1
# text = Sit on your bum and stay still!
1	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your bum |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bum=Location |
| 2 | **stay** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | still |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (UK, informal)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x2:2
# text = (UK, informal)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spent the summer as a beach bum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x3:1
# text = He spent the summer as a beach bum.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | He |  |  |  | summer | as a beach bum | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as bum=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can I bum a lift home? (slang)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Can I bum a lift home?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x4:1
# text = Can I bum a lift home?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bum	bum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bum** | can | I | a lift home |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (slang)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x4:2
# text = (slang)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That's a bum deal; you paid too much. (US slang)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* That's a bum deal; you paid too much.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x5:1
# text = That's a bum deal; you paid too much.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | That | a bum deal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | past | you | much |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (US slang)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x5:2
# text = (US slang)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I bummed around at home all Saturday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x6:1
# text = I bummed around at home all Saturday.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bummed	bum	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bum around** | past | I |  |  | home | saturday | around *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Get off your bum and help!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x7:1
# text = Get off your bum and help!
1	Get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get off** | imperative | you *not said here* | your bum and help |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bum=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole city was illuminated in the evening, and the cannons went off with a bum! bum! and the soldiers presented arms.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bum:x8:1
# text = The whole city was illuminated in the evening, and the cannons went off with a bum! bum! and the soldiers presented arms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cannons	cannon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
19	bum	bum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	presented	present	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
25	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past · passive |  | the whole city |  |  | evening |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **go off** | past | the cannons |  |  |  |  | with a bum and bum | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **present** | past | the soldiers | arms |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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