---
title: bumpiness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bumpiness» in the school dictionary: Bumpiness is how bumpy something is: how many lumps, holes or rough parts a surface has. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bumpiness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bumpiness, surface, pilot, We, car, Dad · **What happens:** be, have, shake up, make, say, expect · **To what, where:** rough parts, feeling, bike rattle, bumpiness, Dad, more bumpiness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bumpiness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bumpiness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bumpiness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bumpiness is how bumpy something is: how many lumps, holes or rough parts a surface has.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:m1:1
# text = Bumpiness is how bumpy something is: how many lumps, holes or rough parts a surface has.
1	Bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bumpiness |  |  |  |  | bumpy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | a surface | rough parts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bumpiness is also the feeling of being shaken up and down, like on a rough road, a bumpy flight or a choppy boat ride.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:m2:1
# text = Bumpiness is also the feeling of being shaken up and down, like on a rough road, a bumpy flight or a choppy boat ride.
1	Bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	shaken	shake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bumpiness | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shake up** | gerund · passive |  | the feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bumpiness of the old track made the bike rattle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:x1:1
# text = The bumpiness of the old track made the bike rattle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rattle	rattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the bumpiness of the old track | the bike rattle |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rattle=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot said to expect some bumpiness during the flight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:x2:1
# text = The pilot said to expect some bumpiness during the flight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	expect	expect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the pilot |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **expect** | to-infinitive |  | some bumpiness |  |  | during the flight |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bumpiness=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We measured how the bumpiness of the surface changed how far the car rolled.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:x3:1
# text = We measured how the bumpiness of the surface changed how far the car rolled.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | past | the bumpiness of the surface |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **roll** | past | the car |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bumpiness of the lane made Dad drive very slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:x4:1
# text = The bumpiness of the lane made Dad drive very slowly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lane	lane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the bumpiness of the lane | Dad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drive** | infinitive | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sandpaper has more bumpiness than glass, so there is more friction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:x5:1
# text = Sandpaper has more bumpiness than glass, so there is more friction.
1	Sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sandpaper | more bumpiness |  |  |  | than glass | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bumpiness=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | present | more friction |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby slept through all the bumpiness of the bus ride.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpiness:x6:1
# text = The baby slept through all the bumpiness of the bus ride.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bumpiness	bumpiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past | the baby |  |  | all bumpiness of the bus ride |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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