---
title: bumpy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bumpy» in the school dictionary: Bumpy describes a surface that is not smooth but has lumps and holes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bumpy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bumpy, surface, bumpy ride, road, plane ride, toad · **What happens:** describe, not be, have, be, shake up, mean · **To what, where:** surface, lumps, one, you, bumpy skin, bumpy carpet

<!-- .vabout -->
«bumpy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bumpy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bumpy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bumpy describes a surface that is not smooth but has lumps and holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:m1:1
# text = Bumpy describes a surface that is not smooth but has lumps and holes.
1	Bumpy	Bumpy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Bumpy | a surface |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent surface=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | a surface |  |  |  |  | smooth *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | a surface *not said here* | lumps and holes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lump=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bumpy ride or flight is one where you are shaken up and down.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:m2:1
# text = A bumpy ride or flight is one where you are shaken up and down.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	shaken	shake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bumpy ride or flight | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shake up** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bumpy can mean full of problems, as in «a bumpy start».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:m3:1
# text = Bumpy can mean full of problems, as in «a bumpy start».
1	Bumpy	Bumpy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Bumpy |  |  |  |  | full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road to the farm is very bumpy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x1:1
# text = The road to the farm is very bumpy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the road to the farm |  |  |  |  | bumpy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane ride got bumpy over the mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x2:1
# text = The plane ride got bumpy over the mountains.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the plane ride |  |  |  |  | bumpy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A toad has bumpy skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x3:1
# text = A toad has bumpy skin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a toad | bumpy skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toy car went slower on the bumpy carpet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x4:1
# text = The toy car went slower on the bumpy carpet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	slower	slow	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the toy car |  |  | the bumpy carpet |  | slow *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on carpet=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our new class had a bumpy start, but now we all get on.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x5:1
# text = Our new class had a bumpy start, but now we all get on.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	on	on	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Our new class | a bumpy start |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent start=Patient |
| 2 | **get on** | present | we |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold on tight, it's going to be bumpy!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x6:1
# text = Hold on tight, it's going to be bumpy!
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	tight	tight	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold on** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tight *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | present · progressive | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | bumpy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He learned to jump by chasing hares in a bumpy field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bumpy:x7:1
# text = He learned to jump by chasing hares in a bumpy field.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	hares	hare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **jump** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **chase** | gerund | He *not said here* | hares |  | a bumpy field |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hare=Theme in field=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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