---
title: buoy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buoy» in the school dictionary: A floating object in the sea or a river, fixed in place, that marks a safe path, a danger, or where to stop. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buoy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** floating object, ring, you, someone, red buoy, good news · **What happens:** float, fix, mark, stop, throw, keep · **To what, where:** floating object, place, safe path, someone, something, rocks

<!-- .vabout -->
«buoy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buoy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buoy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A floating object in the sea or a river, fixed in place, that marks a safe path, a danger, or where to stop.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:m1:1
# text = A floating object in the sea or a river, fixed in place, that marks a safe path, a danger, or where to stop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	floating	float	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	marks	mark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	27	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fix** | participle |  | a floating object in the sea or a river *not said here* |  | place |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **mark** | present | a floating object in the sea or a river | a safe path |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent path=Destination |
| 4 | **stop** | to-infinitive | a floating object in the sea or a river *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A life buoy: a ring that floats, thrown to someone in the water.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:m2:1
# text = A life buoy: a ring that floats, thrown to someone in the water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	buoy	buoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present | a ring |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **throw** | participle | a ring *not said here* |  | someone |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent to someone=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep something afloat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:m3:1
# text = To keep something afloat.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	afloat	afloat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buoy up: to make someone feel more cheerful or hopeful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:m4:1
# text = Buoy up: to make someone feel more cheerful or hopeful.
1	Buoy	buoy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hopeful	hopeful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buoy up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cheerful *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A red buoy marked the rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x1:1
# text = A red buoy marked the rocks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	buoy	buoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | past | a red buoy | the rocks |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent rock=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Throw the life buoy to the swimmer!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x2:1
# text = Throw the life buoy to the swimmer!
1	Throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	buoy	buoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | imperative | you *not said here* | the life buoy |  | the swimmer |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent buoy=Theme to swimmer=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boats tied up to the buoys in the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x3:1
# text = The boats tied up to the buoys in the harbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	buoys	buoy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie up** | participle |  | the boats *not said here* |  |  |  | to the buoys in the harbour | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to buoy=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The good news buoyed everyone's spirits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x4:1
# text = The good news buoyed everyone's spirits.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	buoyed	buoy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buoy** | past | the good news | everyone's spirits |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot spirit=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The buoy bobbed up and down on the waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x5:1
# text = The buoy bobbed up and down on the waves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buoy	buoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bobbed	bob	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bob up** | participle |  | the buoy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimmers must stay inside the yellow buoys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x6:1
# text = Swimmers must stay inside the yellow buoys.
1	Swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	buoys	buoy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | must | Swimmers |  |  | the yellow buoys |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside buoy=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The buoy floated back and forth in the shallow water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoy:x7:1
# text = The buoy floated back and forth in the shallow water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buoy	buoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	floated	float	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | past | the buoy |  |  | the shallow water |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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