---
title: buoyancy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buoyancy» in the school dictionary: The upward push that water (or air) gives to an object, which makes things float or feel lighter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buoyancy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** upward push, object, things, Cork, prices, Buoyancy · **What happens:** give, make, float, feel, have, recover · **To what, where:** object, things, great buoyancy, boat, buoyancy, you

<!-- .vabout -->
«buoyancy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buoyancy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buoyancy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upward push that water (or air) gives to an object, which makes things float or feel lighter.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:m1:1
# text = The upward push that water (or air) gives to an object, which makes things float or feel lighter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upward	upward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	det	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
21	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | the upward push |  | a object |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to object=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | present | a object | things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **float** | infinitive | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | light *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ability of something to float: «Cork has great buoyancy.».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:m2:1
# text = The ability of something to float: «Cork has great buoyancy.».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Cork	cork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Cork | great buoyancy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buoyancy=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheerfulness and the ability to recover quickly from bad times: «her buoyancy of spirit».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:m3:1
# text = Cheerfulness and the ability to recover quickly from bad times: «her buoyancy of spirit».
1	Cheerfulness	cheerfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	recover	recover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recover** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | time | quickly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When prices or business stay high and strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:m4:1
# text = When prices or business stay high and strong.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | prices or business |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buoyancy keeps the boat afloat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x1:1
# text = Buoyancy keeps the boat afloat.
1	Buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	afloat	afloat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Buoyancy | the boat |  |  |  | afloat *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A life jacket gives you buoyancy in the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x2:1
# text = A life jacket gives you buoyancy in the water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | a life jacket | buoyancy | you | the water |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient buoyancy=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is easier to float in the sea because salt water gives more buoyancy.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x3:1
# text = It is easier to float in the sea because salt water gives more buoyancy.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **float** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory |
| 3 | **give** | present | salt water | more buoyancy |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buoyancy=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the buoyancy of different fruits: the orange floated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x4:1
# text = We tested the buoyancy of different fruits: the orange floated.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	floated	float	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the buoyancy of different fruits |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buoyancy=Theme |
| 2 | **float** | past | the orange |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Submarines change their buoyancy to dive and rise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x5:1
# text = Submarines change their buoyancy to dive and rise.
1	Submarines	submarine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	dive	dive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Submarines | Submarines's buoyancy |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buoyancy=Patient |
| 2 | **dive** | to-infinitive | Submarines *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **rise** | infinitive | Submarines *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Despite losing the match, the team's buoyancy returned quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x6:1
# text = Despite losing the match, the team's buoyancy returned quickly.
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund | the team's buoyancy *not said here* | the match |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality |
| 2 | **return** | past | the team's buoyancy |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The buoyancy of the air made his heart light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buoyancy:x7:1
# text = The buoyancy of the air made his heart light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buoyancy	buoyancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the buoyancy of the air | buoyancy's heart light |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product |
| 2 | **light** |  | buoyancy |  |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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