---
title: burning — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «burning» in the school dictionary: On fire; giving out flames and heat: a burning building. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# burning

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fire, I, you, sand, candle, eyes · **What happens:** give out, burn, feel, form, smell, get out · **To what, where:** flames, fire, burning feeling, ing form, burn, something

<!-- .vabout -->
«burning» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [burning in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/burning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On fire; giving out flames and heat: a burning building.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:m1:1
# text = On fire; giving out flames and heat: a burning building.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | gerund |  | flames and heat |  | fire |  | a burning building *obl* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent flame=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very hot: burning sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:m2:1
# text = Very hot: burning sand.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling sore and hot: a burning feeling in your eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:m3:1
# text = Feeling sore and hot: a burning feeling in your eyes.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  | a burning feeling in your eyes |  |  |  | sore *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very strong or important: a burning question, a burning wish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:m4:1
# text = Very strong or important: a burning question, a burning wish.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	csubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The -ing form of burn: «The fire is burning».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:m5:1
# text = The -ing form of burn: «The fire is burning».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	burn	burn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the fire | the ing form of burn *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | burn |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can smell something burning!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x1:1
# text = I can smell something burning!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | can | I | something |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Get out of a burning building and don't go back in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x2:1
# text = Get out of a burning building and don't go back in.
1	Get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get out** | imperative | you *not said here* | a burning building |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **go back** | infinitive · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sand was burning hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x3:1
# text = The sand was burning hot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past · progressive | the sand |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The candle is burning on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x4:1
# text = The candle is burning on the table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present · progressive | the candle |  |  | the table |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on table=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My eyes were burning from the smoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x5:1
# text = My eyes were burning from the smoke.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past · progressive | My eyes |  |  |  |  | from the smoke | vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Patient from smoke=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Burning wood is a change you can't undo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x6:1
# text = Burning wood is a change you can't undo.
1	Burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	undo	undo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  | wood |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wood=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Burning | a change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **undo** | can | you | a change *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent change=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a burning question for the teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x7:1
# text = I have a burning question for the teacher.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a burning question |  |  |  | for the teacher | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Patient |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop, drop and roll if your clothes are burning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x8:1
# text = Stop, drop and roll if your clothes are burning.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	drop	drop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	roll	roll	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **drop** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **roll** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **burn** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · progressive | your clothes |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My throat is dry and burning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burning:x9:1
# text = My throat is dry and burning.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My throat |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund | My throat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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