---
title: burnt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «burnt» in the school dictionary: Damaged or destroyed by fire or heat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/burnt/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/) / burnt

# burnt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, I, smoke alarm, She, Burnt wood, wood · **What happens:** damage, destroy, cook, be, taste, hurt · **To what, where:** toast, finger, hot pan, old barn, storm, tree

<!-- .vabout -->
«burnt» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [burnt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/burnt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Damaged or destroyed by fire or heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:m1:1
# text = Damaged or destroyed by fire or heat.
1	Damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by fire or heat | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cooked too long so it is black or dark and tastes bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:m2:1
# text = Cooked too long so it is black or dark and tastes bad.
1	Cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **taste** | present |  |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurt by fire, heat, the sun or a strong chemical.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:m3:1
# text = Hurt by fire, heat, the sun or a strong chemical.
1	Hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	chemical	chemical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by fire and heat and the sun or a strong chemical | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used up as fuel, like wood, coal or calories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:m4:1
# text = Used up as fuel, like wood, coal or calories.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	calories	calorie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as fuel and wood and coal or calories | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I burnt the toast and the smoke alarm went off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x1:1
# text = I burnt the toast and the smoke alarm went off.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | past | I | the toast |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go off** | past | the smoke alarm |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She burnt her finger on the hot pan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x2:1
# text = She burnt her finger on the hot pan.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | past | She | her finger |  | the hot pan |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old barn burnt down in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x3:1
# text = The old barn burnt down in the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt down** | participle |  | the old barn *not said here* |  | the storm |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Burnt wood cannot turn back into a tree — it is an irreversible change.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x4:1
# text = Burnt wood cannot turn back into a tree — it is an irreversible change.
1	Burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	irreversible	irreversible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **turn back** | can | Burnt wood |  |  | a tree |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | wood | a irreversible change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His back was burnt by the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x5:1
# text = His back was burnt by the sun.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | past · passive | the sun. | His back |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cookies smelled burnt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x6:1
# text = The cookies smelled burnt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | past · passive |  | the cookies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We burnt dry sticks on the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x7:1
# text = We burnt dry sticks on the campfire.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | past | We | dry sticks |  | the campfire |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running hard burnt lots of energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x8:1
# text = Running hard burnt lots of energy.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  | burnt lots of energy |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lot=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is burnt to a cinder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:burnt:x9:1
# text = It is burnt to a cinder.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cinder	cinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | to a cinder | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [burnished](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/burnished/)
- next →: [burp](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/burp/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)