---
title: busily — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «busily» in the school dictionary: In a busy way: working hard and actively at something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# busily

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** busy way, bees, Mum, pupils, bell, Rat · **What happens:** work, be, buzz, pack, write, ring · **To what, where:** flower, lunch basket, crumbs, nest, shelves, shop

<!-- .vabout -->
«busily» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [busily in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/busily.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a busy way: working hard and actively at something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:m1:1
# text = In a busy way: working hard and actively at something.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	actively	actively	ADV	RB	_	7	conj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | gerund | a busy way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at something; hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at something=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
While being very occupied with a task.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:m2:1
# text = While being very occupied with a task.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	occupied	occupied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with a task; occupied *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bees buzzed busily from flower to flower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x1:1
# text = The bees buzzed busily from flower to flower.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	buzzed	buzz	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buzz** | past | the bees |  | flower |  |  | to flower; busily *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to flower=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum was busily packing for the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x2:1
# text = Mum was busily packing for the trip.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	packing	pack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pack** | past · progressive | Mum |  |  |  |  | for the trip; busily *property* | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupils wrote busily until the bell rang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x3:1
# text = The pupils wrote busily until the bell rang.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the pupils |  |  |  |  | busily *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ring** | past | the bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat busily packed the lunch basket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x4:1
# text = The Rat busily packed the lunch basket.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	packed	pack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pack** | past | the Rat | the lunch basket |  |  |  | busily *property* | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent basket=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants busily carried crumbs back to their nest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x5:1
# text = Ants busily carried crumbs back to their nest.
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry back** | past | Ants | crumbs |  | Ants's nest |  | busily *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme to nest=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop assistant was busily stacking shelves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x6:1
# text = The shop assistant was busily stacking shelves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	assistant	assistant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	stacking	stack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stack** | past · progressive | the shop assistant | shelves |  |  |  | busily *property* | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shelf=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone chatted busily before the show began.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x7:1
# text = Everyone chatted busily before the show began.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chatted	chat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chat** *speech: other* | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  | busily *property* | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the show |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They entered a glovemaker's shop, where a woman sat sewing busily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:busily:x8:1
# text = They entered a glovemaker's shop, where a woman sat sewing busily.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	glovemaker	glovemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	sewing	sew	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
13	busily	busily	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past | They | a glovemaker's shop |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shop=Destination |
| 2 | **sit** | past | a woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sew** | gerund | a woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | busily *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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