---
title: bustard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bustard» in the school dictionary: A bustard is a large, heavy bird with long legs that walks on grasslands and open plains; it can fly, but prefers to run. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/bustard/)

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# bustard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bustard, that, great bustard, heaviest birds, Scientists, Australian bustard · **What happens:** be, walk, fly, prefer, run, strut · **To what, where:** large heavy bird, grasslands, one, bustard, dry grassland, bustards

<!-- .vabout -->
«bustard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bustard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bustard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bustard is a large, heavy bird with long legs that walks on grasslands and open plains; it can fly, but prefers to run.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:m1:1
# text = A bustard is a large, heavy bird with long legs that walks on grasslands and open plains; it can fly, but prefers to run.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	grasslands	grassland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bustard | a large heavy bird |  |  |  | with long legs | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | present | that |  |  | grasslands and open plains |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on grassland=Trajectory |
| 3 | **fly** | can | bustard |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **prefer** | present | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **run** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great bustard is one of the heaviest flying birds in the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:m2:1
# text = The great bustard is one of the heaviest flying birds in the world.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	heaviest	heavy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
9	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the great bustard | one |  |  |  | of the heaviest flying birds in the world | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great bustard is one of the heaviest birds that can fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:x1:1
# text = The great bustard is one of the heaviest birds that can fly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	heaviest	heavy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the great bustard | one |  |  |  | of the heaviest birds | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | can | the heaviest birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bustard strutted across the dry grassland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:x2:1
# text = A bustard strutted across the dry grassland.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	strutted	strut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	grassland	grassland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strut** | participle |  | a bustard *not said here* |  | the dry grassland |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across grassland=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists are bringing bustards back to England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:x3:1
# text = Scientists are bringing bustards back to England.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	bustards	bustard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | present · progressive | Scientists | bustards |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent bustard=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Australian bustard can stand very still to hide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:x4:1
# text = The Australian bustard can stand very still to hide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | can | the Australian bustard |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hide** | to-infinitive | the Australian bustard *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The male bustard puffs out its feathers to show off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:x5:1
# text = The male bustard puffs out its feathers to show off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	puffs	puff	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **puff out** | present | the male bustard | bustard's feathers |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Source |
| 2 | **show off** | to-infinitive | the male bustard *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a bustard on our trip to the outback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bustard:x6:1
# text = We saw a bustard on our trip to the outback.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bustard	bustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	outback	outback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a bustard |  | our trip to the outback |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bustard=Stimulus |
| 2 | **trip** |  | our |  |  |  |  | to the outback | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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