---
title: but — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «but» in the school dictionary: But joins two ideas that are different or surprising together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# but

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** two ideas, He, Buts, sentence, I, Exams · **What happens:** join, be, surprise, mean, show, have · **To what, where:** two ideas, one, child, objections, Australia, surprise · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«but» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [but in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/but.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But joins two ideas that are different or surprising together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m1:1
# text = But joins two ideas that are different or surprising together.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	surprising	surprise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present |  | two ideas |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | two ideas |  |  |  |  | different *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **surprise** | gerund | two ideas *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But means except: «all but one».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m2:1
# text = But means except: «all but one».
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	except	except	ADP	IN	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But can mean only: «He is but a child» (old style).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m3:1
# text = But can mean only: «He is but a child» (old style).
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | He | a child |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Buts» are objections: «no ifs or buts».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m4:1
# text = «Buts» are objections: «no ifs or buts».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Buts	but	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	objections	objection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	ifs	if	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	buts	but	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Buts | objections and no ifs or buts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, NZ, Scotland and Ireland «but» at the end of a sentence means «though»: «It's cold, nice day but.».

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m5:1
# text = In Australia, NZ, Scotland and Ireland «but» at the end of a sentence means «though»: «It's cold, nice day but.».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	NZ	NZ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | Australia and NZ and Scotland and Ireland but the end of a sentence |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | sentence |  |  |  | day | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«But» at the start shows surprise or a protest: «But Mum, I only had 2!».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m6:1
# text = «But» at the start shows surprise or a protest: «But Mum, I only had 2!».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
7	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	protest	protest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	only	only	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
20	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present |  | surprise or a protest |  | the start |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | past | I | Mum |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Patient |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «however», «nevertheless», «whereas», «notwithstanding», «with the exception of» and «save for» (except).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:m7:1
# text = Exams say «however», «nevertheless», «whereas», «notwithstanding», «with the exception of» and «save for» (except).
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	whereas	wherea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	exception	exception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
26	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	except	except	ADP	IN	_	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams |  |  |  |  | however *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **notwithstand** *in a quote* | gerund | Exams *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the exception | tree rules |
| 3 | **save** *in a quote* | infinitive | Exams *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had 10 apples, but he ate 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x1:1
# text = He had 10 apples, but he ate 3.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | 10 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | past | he | 3 |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wanted 5 books, but bought only 2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x2:1
# text = She wanted 5 books, but bought only 2.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | She | 5 books |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot book=Theme |
| 2 | **buy** | participle | She *not said here* | 2 |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All but 4 sheep ran away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x3:1
# text = All but 4 sheep ran away.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
2	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run away** | past | all 4 sheep |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ticket costs 8 dollars, but kids pay half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x4:1
# text = The ticket costs 8 dollars, but kids pay half.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	kids	kid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	pay	pay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the ticket | 8 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |
| 2 | **pay** | present | kids | half |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like rain, but not thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x5:1
# text = I like rain, but not thunder.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | rain but thunder |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot rain=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone came but Sam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x6:1
# text = Everyone came but Sam.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate nothing but pizza all week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x7:1
# text = We ate nothing but pizza all week.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | nothing |  |  | week |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No buts, it's time for bed!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x8:1
# text = No buts, it's time for bed!
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	buts	but	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | no buts | time |  |  |  | for bed | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But Mum, he got 5 and I only got 2!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x9:1
# text = But Mum, he got 5 and I only got 2!
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Mum | 5 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 5=Stimulus |
| 2 | **get** | past | I | 2 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 2=Stimulus |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold arvo, good game but.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x10:1
# text = Cold arvo, good game but.
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	arvo	arvo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All pupils, save for 4, attended. Given an enrolment of 30, determine the attendance.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* All pupils, save for 4, attended.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x11:1
# text = All pupils, save for 4, attended.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	save	save	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	attended	attend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | infinitive | all pupils |  |  |  |  | for 4 | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent for 4=Source |
| 2 | **attend** | past | all pupils *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Given an enrolment of 30, determine the attendance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x11:2
# text = Given an enrolment of 30, determine the attendance.
1	Given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	enrolment	enrolment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	attendance	attendance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the attendance |  |  |  | give a enrolment of 30 | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attendance=Topic |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The price is 8 dollars; however, a reduction of half applies to minors.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x12:1
# text = The price is 8 dollars; however, a reduction of half applies to minors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
7	however	however	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	nmod	_	_
13	applies	apply	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	minors	minor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the price | 8 dollars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **apply** | present | a reduction of half |  |  |  |  | to minors; however *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **reduce** |  |  | half |  |  |  |  | nom reduction «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the Skin Horse only smiled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:but:x13:1
# text = But the Skin Horse only smiled.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Skin	Skin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Horse	Horse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | past | the Skin Horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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