---
title: buttercup — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «buttercup» in the school dictionary: A buttercup is a small wild plant with shiny, bright yellow cup-shaped flowers, common in fields and lawns. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# buttercup

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** buttercup, field, you, Buttercups, Cows, We · **What happens:** be, shape, hold, not eat, leave, eat · **To what, where:** small wild plant, buttercup, chin, Buttercups, grass, petals

<!-- .vabout -->
«buttercup» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [buttercup in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/buttercup.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A buttercup is a small wild plant with shiny, bright yellow cup-shaped flowers, common in fields and lawns.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:m1:1
# text = A buttercup is a small wild plant with shiny, bright yellow cup-shaped flowers, common in fields and lawns.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buttercup	buttercup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
9	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
12	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
13	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	lawns	lawn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a buttercup | a small wild plant |  |  |  | with shiny bright yellow shaped flowers | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The field was full of yellow buttercups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x1:1
# text = The field was full of yellow buttercups.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	buttercups	buttercup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the field |  |  |  |  | of yellow buttercups; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold a buttercup under my chin!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x2:1
# text = Hold a buttercup under my chin!
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	buttercup	buttercup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | a buttercup |  | my chin |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent buttercup=Theme under chin=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buttercups are poisonous, so don't eat them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x3:1
# text = Buttercups are poisonous, so don't eat them.
1	Buttercups	buttercup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Buttercups |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | infinitive · do-support |  | Buttercups *= buttercup* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cows leave the buttercups and eat the grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x4:1
# text = Cows leave the buttercups and eat the grass.
1	Cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	buttercups	buttercup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | Cows | the buttercups |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buttercup=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | present | Cows *not said here* | the grass |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We counted the petals: this buttercup has five.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x5:1
# text = We counted the petals: this buttercup has five.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	petals	petal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	buttercup	buttercup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | We | the petals |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent petal=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | this buttercup | five |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent five=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buttercups open in the sunshine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x6:1
# text = Buttercups open in the sunshine.
1	Buttercups	buttercup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | Buttercups |  |  | the sunshine |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunshine=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the buttercups sparkled gayly, and looked again at Gerda.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:buttercup:x7:1
# text = And the buttercups sparkled gayly, and looked again at Gerda.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	buttercups	buttercup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	sparkled	sparkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	gayly	gayly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sparkle** | participle |  | the buttercups *not said here* |  |  |  | gayly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | past | the buttercups |  |  |  | again | at Gerda | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at gerda=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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