---
title: button — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «button» in the school dictionary: A button is a small round thing that holds clothes closed by going through a hole. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# button

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** button, small round thing, you, shirt, She, He · **What happens:** be, hold, close, go, press, make · **To what, where:** small round thing, clothes, hole, something, machine, badge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«button» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [button in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/button.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A button is a small round thing that holds clothes closed by going through a hole.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:m1:1
# text = A button is a small round thing that holds clothes closed by going through a hole.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	9	obj	_	_
11	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a button | a small round thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | a small round thing | clothes |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Theme |
| 3 | **close** | participle |  | clothes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | a hole |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A button is something you press to make a machine or a screen work.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:m2:1
# text = A button is something you press to make a machine or a screen work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	press	press	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a button | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **press** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a machine or a screen work |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset machine=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A badge with a pin is also called a button.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:m3:1
# text = A badge with a pin is also called a button.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pin	pin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a badge with a pin |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To button is to close with buttons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:m4:1
# text = To button is to close with buttons.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with buttons; close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each shirt has 6 buttons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x1:1
# text = Each shirt has 6 buttons.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each shirt | 6 buttons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has 40 buttons in a jar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x2:1
# text = She has 40 buttons in a jar.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | 40 buttons |  | a jar |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many buttons for 7 coats?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x3:1
# text = How many buttons for 7 coats?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pressed the button 3 times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x4:1
# text = He pressed the button 3 times.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pressed	press	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | past | He | the button |  |  | time |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Button up your coat, it's cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x5:1
# text = Button up your coat, it's cold.
1	Button	button	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **button up** | imperative | you *not said here* | your coat |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | coat |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Press the red button to stop the machine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x6:1
# text = Press the red button to stop the machine.
1	Press	press	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | imperative | you *not said here* | the red button |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the machine |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality machine=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sort the buttons by the number of holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x7:1
# text = Sort the buttons by the number of holes.
1	Sort	sort	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | imperative | you *not said here* | the buttons |  |  |  | by the number of holes | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your belly button is in the middle of your tummy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x8:1
# text = Your belly button is in the middle of your tummy.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your belly button |  |  | the middle |  | of your tummy | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Click the button to start the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x9:1
# text = Click the button to start the game.
1	Click	click	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **click** | imperative | you *not said here* | the button |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location button=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the game |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy is as cute as a button.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x10:1
# text = The puppy is as cute as a button.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cute	cute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the puppy |  |  |  |  | as a button; cute *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a blue jacket with brass buttons, quite new.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:button:x11:1
# text = It was a blue jacket with brass buttons, quite new.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a blue jacket |  |  |  | with brass buttons | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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