---
title: cacao — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cacao» in the school dictionary: Cacao is a tropical tree whose seeds, called cacao beans or cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate and cocoa. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cacao

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cacao, seeds, cacao tree, Ghana, Aztecs, bar · **What happens:** be, call, use, make, mean, grow · **To what, where:** tropical tree, cacao beans, seeds, chocolate, beans, raw powder · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cacao» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cacao in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cacao.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cacao is a tropical tree whose seeds, called cacao beans or cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate and cocoa.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:m1:1
# text = Cacao is a tropical tree whose seeds, called cacao beans or cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate and cocoa.
1	Cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
20	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cacao | a tropical tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | seeds *not said here* | cacao beans or cocoa beans |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  | seeds |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | chocolate and cocoa |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chocolate=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cacao also means those beans or the raw powder made from them before much processing.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:m2:1
# text = Cacao also means those beans or the raw powder made from them before much processing.
1	Cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	processing	processing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cacao | that beans or the raw powder |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bean=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the raw powder *not said here* |  |  | before much processing | from beans *= bean* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from they=Material |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chocolate is made from cacao beans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x1:1
# text = Chocolate is made from cacao beans.
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Chocolate |  | cacao beans |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from bean=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cacao tree grows pods on its trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x2:1
# text = The cacao tree grows pods on its trunk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the cacao tree | pods |  | tree's trunk |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pod=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ghana and Ivory Coast grow lots of cacao.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x3:1
# text = Ghana and Ivory Coast grow lots of cacao.
1	Ghana	Ghana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	Ivory	Ivory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Coast	Coast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Ghana and Ivory Coast | lots of cacao |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lot=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Aztecs drank bitter cacao with chilli.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x4:1
# text = The Aztecs drank bitter cacao with chilli.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	chilli	chilli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | past | the Aztecs | bitter cacao |  |  |  | with chilli | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cacao=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cacao beans are dried in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x5:1
# text = Cacao beans are dried in the sun.
1	Cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | present · passive |  | Cacao beans |  | the sun. |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This bar has seventy per cent cacao.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x6:1
# text = This bar has seventy per cent cacao.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	seventy	seventy	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	per	per	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cent	cent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this bar | cent cacao |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cacao=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each cacao pod holds about forty beans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cacao:x7:1
# text = Each cacao pod holds about forty beans.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pod	pod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each cacao pod |  |  |  |  | about forty beans | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about bean=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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