---
title: caesium — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caesium» in the school dictionary: Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal, a chemical element (symbol Cs) that reacts violently with water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caesium

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Caesium, soft gold metal, you, Atomic clocks, symbol · **What happens:** be, react, use, explode, drop, keep · **To what, where:** soft gold metal, Caesium, atomic clocks, water, Cs, Radioactive caesium

<!-- .vabout -->
«caesium» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caesium in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caesium.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal, a chemical element (symbol Cs) that reacts violently with water.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:m1:1
# text = Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal, a chemical element (symbol Cs) that reacts violently with water.
1	Caesium	caesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	silvery	silvery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Cs	c	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	reacts	react	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
20	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Caesium | a soft gold metal and a chemical element |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **react** | present | a soft gold metal and a chemical element |  |  |  |  | with water; violently *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with water=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesium is used in atomic clocks, the most accurate clocks there are.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:m2:1
# text = Caesium is used in atomic clocks, the most accurate clocks there are.
1	Caesium	caesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	atomic	atomic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
10	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Caesium |  | atomic clocks and the accurate clocks |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesium explodes if you drop it into water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:x1:1
# text = Caesium explodes if you drop it into water.
1	Caesium	caesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	explodes	explode	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explode** | present | Caesium |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drop** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | Caesium |  | water |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into water=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Atomic clocks use caesium to keep perfect time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:x2:1
# text = Atomic clocks use caesium to keep perfect time.
1	Atomic	Atomic	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	2	compound	_	_
2	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	caesium	caesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Atomic clocks | caesium |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caesium=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Atomic clocks *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesium's symbol is Cs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:x3:1
# text = Caesium's symbol is Cs.
1	Caesium	Caesium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Cs	c	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Caesium's symbol | Cs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesium melts on a very hot day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:x4:1
# text = Caesium melts on a very hot day.
1	Caesium	caesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | Caesium |  |  |  | day |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radioactive caesium spread after the nuclear accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caesium:x5:1
# text = Radioactive caesium spread after the nuclear accident.
1	Radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	caesium	caesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | participle |  | Radioactive caesium *not said here* |  |  | after the nuclear accident |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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