---
title: cake — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cake» in the school dictionary: A cake is a sweet baked food made of flour, eggs, sugar and butter, often for birthdays and parties. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cake

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cake, baker, He, many more cakes, We, I · **What happens:** bake, be, make, cake, cover, sell · **To what, where:** baked food, flat round piece, mud, 110 cakes, 75 cakes, cake

<!-- .vabout -->
«cake» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cake in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cake.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cake is a sweet baked food made of flour, eggs, sugar and butter, often for birthdays and parties.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:m1:1
# text = A cake is a sweet baked food made of flour, eggs, sugar and butter, often for birthdays and parties.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	birthdays	birthday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	parataxis	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a cake | baked food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | baked food *not said here* |  |  |  | of flour | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cake can be a flat round piece of other food: a fish cake.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:m2:1
# text = A cake can be a flat round piece of other food: a fish cake.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a cake | a flat round piece and a fish cake |  |  |  | of other food | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be caked in mud is to be thickly covered in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:m3:1
# text = To be caked in mud is to be thickly covered in it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caked	cake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	thickly	thickly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
10	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cake** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | mud |  | thickly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in mud | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baker made 110 cakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x1:1
# text = The baker made 110 cakes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	110	110	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the baker | 110 cakes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cake=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sold 75 cakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x2:1
# text = He sold 75 cakes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	75	75	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | He | 75 cakes |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cake is cut into 8 pieces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x3:1
# text = A cake is cut into 8 pieces.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present · passive |  | a cake |  | 8 pieces |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into piece=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more cakes than pastries did he sell?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x4:1
# text = How many more cakes than pastries did he sell?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pastries	pastry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past · do-support | many more cakes than pastries |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We baked a chocolate cake for Dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x5:1
# text = We baked a chocolate cake for Dad.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | We | a chocolate cake |  |  |  | for Dad | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cake=Material for dad=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can I have a piece of cake?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x6:1
# text = Can I have a piece of cake?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | I | a piece of cake |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test was a piece of cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x7:1
# text = The test was a piece of cake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the test | a piece |  |  |  | of cake | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His boots were caked in mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x8:1
# text = His boots were caked in mud.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caked	cake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cake** | past · passive |  | His boots |  | mud |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cakes were smoking on the hearth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cake:x9:1
# text = The cakes were smoking on the hearth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	smoking	smoke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hearth	hearth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smoke** | past · progressive | the cakes |  |  | the hearth |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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