---
title: calcium — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «calcium» in the school dictionary: Calcium is a mineral that our bodies need for strong bones and teeth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# calcium

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Calcium, bodies, Milk, Cheese, Chalk, Broccoli · **What happens:** be, need, find, have, help, build · **To what, where:** mineral, chemical element, soft silver metal, rocks, lots, strong bones

<!-- .vabout -->
«calcium» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [calcium in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/calcium.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calcium is a mineral that our bodies need for strong bones and teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:m1:1
# text = Calcium is a mineral that our bodies need for strong bones and teeth.
1	Calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Calcium | a mineral |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | our bodies | a mineral |  |  |  | for strong bones and teeth | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot that=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calcium is a chemical element, a soft silver metal found in rocks, chalk, shells and milk.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:m2:1
# text = Calcium is a chemical element, a soft silver metal found in rocks, chalk, shells and milk.
1	Calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Calcium | a chemical element |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | a soft silver metal *not said here* |  | rocks and chalk and shells and milk |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk has lots of calcium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:x1:1
# text = Milk has lots of calcium.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Milk | lots of calcium |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:x2:1
# text = Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth.
1	Calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Calcium |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | infinitive | Calcium *not said here* | strong bones and teeth |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bone=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheese and yoghurt are rich in calcium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:x3:1
# text = Cheese and yoghurt are rich in calcium.
1	Cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cheese and yoghurt |  |  | calcium |  | rich *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eggshells are made mostly of calcium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:x4:1
# text = Eggshells are made mostly of calcium.
1	Eggshells	eggshell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Eggshells |  |  |  | of calcium | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chalk contains calcium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:x5:1
# text = Chalk contains calcium.
1	Chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Chalk | calcium |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot calcium=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broccoli also has some calcium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calcium:x6:1
# text = Broccoli also has some calcium.
1	Broccoli	Broccoli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	calcium	calcium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Broccoli | some calcium |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calcium=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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