---
title: caliph — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caliph» in the school dictionary: The ruler of a Muslim empire in old times, who was seen as a successor of the Prophet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caliph

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**Who acts:** caliph · **What happens:** see, ask, mean, live, bow · **To what, where:** old times, great palace, servant, caliph · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«caliph» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caliph in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caliph.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ruler of a Muslim empire in old times, who was seen as a successor of the Prophet.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caliph:m1:1
# text = The ruler of a Muslim empire in old times, who was seen as a successor of the Prophet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	successor	successor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Prophet	Prophet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · passive |  | old times |  |  |  | as a successor of the Prophet | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as successor=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The caliph asked what it all meant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caliph:x1:1
# text = The caliph asked what it all meant.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caliph	caliph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the caliph |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | past | caliph |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The caliph lived in a great palace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caliph:x2:1
# text = The caliph lived in a great palace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caliph	caliph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the caliph |  |  | a great palace |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A servant bowed low before the caliph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caliph:x3:1
# text = A servant bowed low before the caliph.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	caliph	caliph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | participle |  | a servant *not said here* |  | the caliph |  | low *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before caliph=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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