---
title: calmness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «calmness» in the school dictionary: Calmness is the state of being quiet, peaceful and not worried, angry or excited. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# calmness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Calmness, She, Breathing, man · **What happens:** be, not be, answer, breathe, help, bring · **To what, where:** state, Calmness stillness, weather, hard question, calmness, passengers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«calmness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [calmness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/calmness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calmness is the state of being quiet, peaceful and not worried, angry or excited.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:m1:1
# text = Calmness is the state of being quiet, peaceful and not worried, angry or excited.
1	Calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Calmness | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calmness is stillness in weather or water: «the calmness of the sea».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:m2:1
# text = Calmness is stillness in weather or water: «the calmness of the sea».
1	Calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	stillness	stillness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Calmness stillness |  | weather or water |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She answered the hard question with calmness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x1:1
# text = She answered the hard question with calmness.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | She | the hard question |  |  |  | with calmness | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The calmness of the lake was beautiful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x2:1
# text = The calmness of the lake was beautiful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the calmness of the lake |  |  |  |  | beautiful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breathing slowly helps bring calmness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x3:1
# text = Breathing slowly helps bring calmness.
1	Breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | Breathing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **bring** | infinitive | Breathing *not said here* | calmness |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent calmness=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot's calmness helped the passengers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x4:1
# text = The pilot's calmness helped the passengers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the pilot's calmness |  | the passengers |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His calmness in the emergency saved lives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x5:1
# text = His calmness in the emergency saved lives.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | His calmness in the emergency | lives |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the storm came a strange calmness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x6:1
# text = After the storm came a strange calmness.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | a strange calmness |  |  | after the storm |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location calmness=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last Labakan spoke with forced calmness, “Most gracious lord and father, do not let yourself be deceived by this man.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:calmness:x7:1
# text = At last Labakan spoke with forced calmness, “Most gracious lord and father, do not let yourself be deceived by this man.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Labakan	Labakan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	calmness	calmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
11	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
19	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	deceived	deceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	xcomp	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past |  |  |  | last Labakan |  | with forced calmness | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with calmness=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **let** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **deceive** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | this man |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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