---
title: camouflage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «camouflage» in the school dictionary: Camouflage is colours, patterns or shapes that help an animal or thing blend into its surroundings so it is hard to see. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# camouflage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Camouflage, colours, soldiers, stick insect, white fur, chameleon · **What happens:** be, help, see, mean, hide, make · **To what, where:** colours, animal, surroundings, something, camouflage, clothing

<!-- .vabout -->
«camouflage» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [camouflage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/camouflage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Camouflage is colours, patterns or shapes that help an animal or thing blend into its surroundings so it is hard to see.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:m1:1
# text = Camouflage is colours, patterns or shapes that help an animal or thing blend into its surroundings so it is hard to see.
1	Camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	blend	blend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	9	obl	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	expl	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Camouflage | colours and patterns or shapes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | colours and patterns or shapes |  | a animal or thing blend | Camouflage's surroundings |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **is** | present | colours and patterns or shapes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive | colours and patterns or shapes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To camouflage means to hide something by making it look like what is around it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:m2:1
# text = To camouflage means to hide something by making it look like what is around it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | camouflage |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hide** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | camouflage *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | camouflage *not said here* | camouflage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | infinitive | camouflage *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  | camouflage |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Camouflage is the green and brown patterned clothing soldiers wear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:m3:1
# text = Camouflage is the green and brown patterned clothing soldiers wear.
1	Camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	patterned	pattern	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Camouflage |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Camouflage *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pattern** | past | Camouflage *not said here* | clothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **wear** | present | soldiers | clothing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent clothing=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stick insect uses camouflage to look like a twig.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x1:1
# text = The stick insect uses camouflage to look like a twig.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	twig	twig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the stick insect | camouflage |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camouflage=Patient |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | the stick insect *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a twig | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A polar bear's white fur is camouflage in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x2:1
# text = A polar bear's white fur is camouflage in the snow.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a polar bear's white fur | camouflage |  | the snow |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chameleon changed colour to camouflage itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x3:1
# text = The chameleon changed colour to camouflage itself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	camouflage	camouflage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the chameleon | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 2 | **camouflage** | to-infinitive | the chameleon *not said here* | colour |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent itself=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The moth was camouflaged against the tree bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x4:1
# text = The moth was camouflaged against the tree bark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	camouflaged	camouflage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **camouflage** | past · passive |  | the moth |  |  |  | against the tree bark | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers wear camouflage in the jungle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x5:1
# text = Soldiers wear camouflage in the jungle.
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Soldiers | camouflage |  | the jungle |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent camouflage=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you spot the camouflaged frog in the picture?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x6:1
# text = Can you spot the camouflaged frog in the picture?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spot	spot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	camouflaged	camouflage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spot** | can | you |  | the camouflaged frog |  |  | in the picture | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent frog=Destination in picture=Theme |
| 2 | **camouflage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zebras' stripes may confuse predators.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:camouflage:x7:1
# text = Zebras' stripes may confuse predators.
1	Zebras	zebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | may | Zebras's stripes | predators |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predator=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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