---
title: campaign — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «campaign» in the school dictionary: A campaign is a planned series of actions to get something done, such as winning an election or changing a rule. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# campaign

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** campaign, people, military campaign, advertising campaign, class, She · **What happens:** plan, be, get, win, change, support · **To what, where:** planned series, something, election, rule, people, change

<!-- .vabout -->
«campaign» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [campaign in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/campaign.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A campaign is a planned series of actions to get something done, such as winning an election or changing a rule.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:m1:1
# text = A campaign is a planned series of actions to get something done, such as winning an election or changing a rule.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	done	done	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	conj	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a campaign | a planned series |  |  |  | of actions | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 4 | **win** | gerund |  | a election |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality |
| 5 | **change** | gerund |  | a rule |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To campaign is to work hard to get people to support something or to make a change.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:m2:1
# text = To campaign is to work hard to get people to support something or to make a change.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard, work *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **support** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | a change |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset change=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A military campaign is a series of battles in one war or area.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:m3:1
# text = A military campaign is a series of battles in one war or area.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a military campaign | a series |  |  |  | of battles in one war or area | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An advertising campaign is a set of adverts to sell something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:m4:1
# text = An advertising campaign is a set of adverts to sell something.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	advertising	advertising	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a advertising campaign | a set |  |  |  | of adverts | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class started a campaign to stop litter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x1:1
# text = Our class started a campaign to stop litter.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Our class | a campaign |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent campaign=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Our class *not said here* | litter |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality litter=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She campaigned to become class president.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x2:1
# text = She campaigned to become class president.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	campaigned	campaign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **campaign** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | class president |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The election campaign lasted six weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x3:1
# text = The election campaign lasted six weeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lasted	last	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | past | the election campaign |  |  |  | week |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People campaigned for cleaner rivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x4:1
# text = People campaigned for cleaner rivers.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	campaigned	campaign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **campaign** | past | People |  |  |  |  | for cleaner rivers | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The general planned a winter campaign.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x5:1
# text = The general planned a winter campaign.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	general	general	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	planned	plan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | past | the general | a winter campaign |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent campaign=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new advertising campaign is on every bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x6:1
# text = The new advertising campaign is on every bus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	advertising	advertising	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the new advertising campaign |  |  | every bus |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They campaigned against closing the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x7:1
# text = They campaigned against closing the library.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	campaigned	campaign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	against	against	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	closing	close	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **campaign** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | gerund | They *not said here* | the library |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent library=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
About this time the King of a very powerful kingdom was carrying on a war; the youth therefore took service under him and went on the campaign.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campaign:x8:1
# text = About this time the King of a very powerful kingdom was carrying on a war; the youth therefore took service under him and went on the campaign.
1	About	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
21	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	under	under	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past · progressive | the King of a powerful kingdom |  |  | a war | time |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | past | the youth | service |  |  |  | under King; therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | the youth *not said here* |  |  | the campaign |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on campaign=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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