---
title: campfire — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «campfire» in the school dictionary: An outdoor fire made at a camp, used for warmth, light and cooking. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# campfire

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, Grandpa, you, water, Many forest fires, campfires · **What happens:** make, use, sit, toast, tell, build · **To what, where:** outdoor fire, camp, campfire, marshmallows, spooky stories, fire pit · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«campfire» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [campfire in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/campfire.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An outdoor fire made at a camp, used for warmth, light and cooking.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:m1:1
# text = An outdoor fire made at a camp, used for warmth, light and cooking.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	outdoor	outdoor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a outdoor fire *not said here* |  | a camp |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a camp *not said here* |  |  |  | for warmth and light and cooking | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gathering around such a fire, with stories and songs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:m2:1
# text = A gathering around such a fire, with stories and songs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gathering	gathering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat around the campfire and toasted marshmallows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x1:1
# text = We sat around the campfire and toasted marshmallows.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	toasted	toast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	marshmallows	marshmallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | the campfire |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around campfire=Location |
| 2 | **toast** | past | We *not said here* | marshmallows |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent marshmallow=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa told spooky stories by the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x2:1
# text = Grandpa told spooky stories by the campfire.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spooky	spooky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Grandpa | spooky stories |  |  |  | by the campfire | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only build a campfire in the fire pit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x3:1
# text = Only build a campfire in the fire pit.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	build	build	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | imperative | you *not said here* | a campfire |  | the fire pit |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset campfire=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pour water on the campfire and stir it until it's cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x4:1
# text = Pour water on the campfire and stir it until it's cold.
1	Pour	pour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stir	stir	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | imperative | you *not said here* | water |  | the campfire |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **stir** | infinitive | you *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | water |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep a bucket of water next to the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x5:1
# text = Keep a bucket of water next to the campfire.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	next	next	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | a bucket of water |  |  |  | next *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bucket=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many forest fires start from campfires that were left burning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x6:1
# text = Many forest fires start from campfires that were left burning.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	campfires	campfire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Many forest fires |  |  | campfires |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  | campfires |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **burn** | gerund | campfires *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sang campfire songs until the stars came out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x7:1
# text = We sang campfire songs until the stars came out.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | We | campfire songs |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **come out** | past | the stars |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The campfire kept us warm on the chilly night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x8:1
# text = The campfire kept us warm on the chilly night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chilly	chilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the campfire | us |  |  | night | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shere Khan had jumped at a woodcutter’s campfire, as Father Wolf had said, and was furious from the pain of his burned feet.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:campfire:x9:1
# text = Shere Khan had jumped at a woodcutter’s campfire, as Father Wolf had said, and was furious from the pain of his burned feet.
1	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl	_	_
4	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	woodcutter	woodcutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’s	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	furious	furious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Shere *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **jump** | past | Shere |  |  | a woodcutter's campfire |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at campfire=Trajectory |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | Father |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the pain of Father's burned feet |  | furious *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **burn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **pain** |  |  | Father's burned feet |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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