---
title: canary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «canary» in the school dictionary: A small yellow songbird often kept as a pet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# canary

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**Who acts:** canary, Canaries, She, Miners, Falling bee numbers, cat · **What happens:** keep, give, warn, sing, need, wear · **To what, where:** small yellow songbird, early warning, danger, clean water, canary yellow raincoat, canaries

<!-- .vabout -->
«canary» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [canary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/canary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small yellow songbird often kept as a pet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:m1:1
# text = A small yellow songbird often kept as a pet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	songbird	songbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | a small yellow songbird *not said here* |  |  |  | as a pet; often *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bright yellow colour (canary yellow).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:m2:1
# text = A bright yellow colour (canary yellow).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	canary	canary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that gives an early warning of danger (a canary in a coal mine).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:m3:1
# text = Something that gives an early warning of danger (a canary in a coal mine).
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	canary	canary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present |  | a early warning of danger |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |
| 2 | **warn** |  |  | danger |  |  |  |  | nom warning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our canary sings every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:x1:1
# text = Our canary sings every morning.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	canary	canary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Our canary |  |  |  | morning |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Canaries need clean water and seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:x2:1
# text = Canaries need clean water and seeds.
1	Canaries	canary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Canaries | clean water and seeds |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a canary yellow raincoat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:x3:1
# text = She wore a canary yellow raincoat.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	canary	canary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	raincoat	raincoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a canary yellow raincoat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent raincoat=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Miners used canaries to detect bad gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:x4:1
# text = Miners used canaries to detect bad gas.
1	Miners	miner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	canaries	canary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	detect	detect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Miners | canaries |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent canary=Patient |
| 2 | **detect** | to-infinitive | Miners *not said here* | bad gas |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Falling bee numbers are a canary in the coal mine for nature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:x5:1
# text = Falling bee numbers are a canary in the coal mine for nature.
1	Falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	canary	canary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Falling bee numbers | a canary |  | the coal mine for nature |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat stared at the canary in its cage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canary:x6:1
# text = The cat stared at the canary in its cage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	canary	canary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | in cat's cage; at the canary | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at canary=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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