---
title: candour — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «candour» in the school dictionary: The quality of being honest, open and saying what you really think, even if it is not nice to hear. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# candour

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** quality, you, it, She, her, I · **What happens:** be, say, think, not be, hear, speak · **To what, where:** candour, team, question, affright, alarming agitation, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«candour» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [candour in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/candour.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The quality of being honest, open and saying what you really think, even if it is not nice to hear.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:m1:1
# text = The quality of being honest, open and saying what you really think, even if it is not nice to hear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	really	really	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
16	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the quality *not said here* |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the quality *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the quality *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | it |  |  |  |  | nice *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **hear** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She spoke with surprising candour about her mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:x1:1
# text = She spoke with surprising candour about her mistakes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	surprising	surprising	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	candour	candour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | She |  |  |  |  | with surprising candour about her mistakes | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with candour=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **mistake** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I appreciate your candour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:x2:1
# text = I appreciate your candour.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	appreciate	appreciate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	candour	candour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appreciate** | present | I | your candour |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer candour=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach's candour helped the team improve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:x3:1
# text = The coach's candour helped the team improve.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	candour	candour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the coach's candour | the team |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent team=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **improve** | infinitive | the team *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He answered every question with candour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:x4:1
# text = He answered every question with candour.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	candour	candour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | He | every question |  |  |  | with candour | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children often speak with complete candour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:x5:1
# text = Children often speak with complete candour.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	candour	candour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Children |  |  |  |  | with complete candour; often *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with candour=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They all gathered round him in affright, so alarming was his agitation; and with a fine candour he told them what he had hitherto concealed.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:candour:x6:1
# text = They all gathered round him in affright, so alarming was his agitation; and with a fine candour he told them what he had hitherto concealed.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	round	round	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	affright	affright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	alarming	alarming	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	agitation	agitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	candour	candour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	27	obj	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | They |  |  | affright |  | round him *= he* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | his alarming agitation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | he |  | them *= they* |  |  | with a fine candour | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **conceal** | past · perfect | he |  |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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