---
title: canopy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «canopy» in the school dictionary: In a forest the canopy is the top layer of leaves and branches that covers the forest like a roof. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# canopy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** canopy, top layer, Monkeys, We, princess, pilot · **What happens:** be, cover, hold up, live, block, sit · **To what, where:** top layer, forest, cloth, something, clear cover, cockpit

<!-- .vabout -->
«canopy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [canopy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/canopy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a forest the canopy is the top layer of leaves and branches that covers the forest like a roof.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:m1:1
# text = In a forest the canopy is the top layer of leaves and branches that covers the forest like a roof.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the canopy | the top layer |  | a forest |  | of leaves and branches | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | present | the top layer | the forest |  |  |  | like a roof | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme forest=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A canopy is a cloth or roof held up over something, like a bed, a stall or a doorway.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:m2:1
# text = A canopy is a cloth or roof held up over something, like a bed, a stall or a doorway.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	stall	stall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	doorway	doorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a canopy | a cloth or roof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold up** | participle |  | a cloth or roof *not said here* |  | something |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A canopy is the clear cover over a plane's cockpit or the cloth of a parachute.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:m3:1
# text = A canopy is the clear cover over a plane's cockpit or the cloth of a parachute.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	cockpit	cockpit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	parachute	parachute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a canopy | the clear cover |  | a plane's cockpit or the cloth of a parachute |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monkeys live high up in the rainforest canopy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x1:1
# text = Monkeys live high up in the rainforest canopy.
1	Monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Monkeys |  |  | the rainforest canopy |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in canopy=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canopy blocks most sunlight from the forest floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x2:1
# text = The canopy blocks most sunlight from the forest floor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blocks	block	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | present | the canopy | most sunlight |  | the forest floor |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer sunlight=Beneficiary from floor=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat under a canopy at the outdoor café.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x3:1
# text = We sat under a canopy at the outdoor café.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	outdoor	outdoor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | a canopy |  | at the outdoor café | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under canopy=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess slept in a bed with a canopy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x4:1
# text = The princess slept in a bed with a canopy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past | the princess |  |  | a bed |  | with a canopy | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in bed=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot opened the cockpit canopy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x5:1
# text = The pilot opened the cockpit canopy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cockpit	cockpit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the pilot | the cockpit canopy |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location canopy=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thick canopy kept us dry in the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x6:1
# text = The thick canopy kept us dry in the rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the thick canopy | us |  | the rain |  | dry *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent we=Theme in rain=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over it hung a canopy of rose-colored spider's webs, spotted with the prettiest little green flies, which sparkled like precious stones.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:canopy:x7:1
# text = Over it hung a canopy of rose-colored spider's webs, spotted with the prettiest little green flies, which sparkled like precious stones.
1	Over	over	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	colored	color	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
10	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	webs	web	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	spotted	spot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	prettiest	pretty	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	amod	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	sparkled	sparkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | it | a canopy of spider's colored webs |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent canopy=Patient |
| 2 | **color** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spot** | participle |  | spider's colored webs *not said here* |  |  |  | with the prettiest little green flies | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»: with fly=Theme |
| 4 | **sparkle** | past | the prettiest little green flies |  |  |  |  | like precious stones | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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