---
title: capercaillie — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «capercaillie» in the school dictionary: A very large wild bird of the grouse family that lives in pine forests in Scotland, Scandinavia and other cold parts of Europe and Asia. The males are black and puff out their tails in spring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# capercaillie

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grouse family, males, capercaillie, Capercaillies, male capercaillie, you · **What happens:** live, be, puff out, fan out, leave, keep · **To what, where:** pine forests, tails, biggest grouse, world, old Scottish pine forests, tail

<!-- .vabout -->
«capercaillie» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [capercaillie in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/capercaillie.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large wild bird of the grouse family that lives in pine forests in Scotland, Scandinavia and other cold parts of Europe and Asia. The males are black and puff out their tails in spring.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A very large wild bird of the grouse family that lives in pine forests in Scotland, Scandinavia and other cold parts of Europe and Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:m1:1
# text = A very large wild bird of the grouse family that lives in pine forests in Scotland, Scandinavia and other cold parts of Europe and Asia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	grouse	grouse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Scandinavia	Scandinavia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the grouse family |  |  | pine forests in Scotland and Scandinavia and other cold parts of Europe and Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The males are black and puff out their tails in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:m1:2
# text = The males are black and puff out their tails in spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	puff	puff	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the males |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **puff out** | present | the males *not said here* | males's tails |  |  | spring |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tail=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The capercaillie is the biggest grouse in the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:x1:1
# text = The capercaillie is the biggest grouse in the world.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	capercaillie	capercaillie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	grouse	grouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the capercaillie | the biggest grouse |  | the world |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Capercaillies live in old Scottish pine forests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:x2:1
# text = Capercaillies live in old Scottish pine forests.
1	Capercaillies	capercaillie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Capercaillies |  |  | old Scottish pine forests |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The male capercaillie fanned out his tail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:x3:1
# text = The male capercaillie fanned out his tail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	capercaillie	capercaillie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fanned	fan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fan out** | past | the male capercaillie | capercaillie's tail |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a few capercaillies are left in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:x4:1
# text = Only a few capercaillies are left in Scotland.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	capercaillies	capercaillie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | a few capercaillies |  | Scotland |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in scotland=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep dogs on a lead so they don't disturb capercaillies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capercaillie:x5:1
# text = Keep dogs on a lead so they don't disturb capercaillies.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	disturb	disturb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	capercaillies	capercaillie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | dogs |  | a lead |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dog=Theme on lead=Location |
| 2 | **not** **disturb** | present · do-support | dogs *= dog* | capercaillies |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus capercaillie=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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