---
title: capitalise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «capitalise» in the school dictionary: To write a letter as a capital (A, B, C) or start a word with a capital letter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# capitalise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, team, their, She, it · **What happens:** write, start, use, get, capitalise, provide · **To what, where:** letter, word, situation, advantage, mistake, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«capitalise» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [capitalise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/capitalise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To write a letter as a capital (A, B, C) or start a word with a capital letter.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:m1:1
# text = To write a letter as a capital (A, B, C) or start a word with a capital letter.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	C	C	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | to-infinitive |  | a letter |  |  |  | as a capital | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent letter=Result as capital=Attribute |
| 2 | **start** | infinitive |  | a word |  |  |  | with a capital letter | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.subeventuality»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality with letter=Subeventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To use a situation to get an advantage: «capitalise on a mistake».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:m2:1
# text = To use a situation to get an advantage: «capitalise on a mistake».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	capitalise	capitalise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | a situation |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent situation=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | a advantage |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer advantage=Stimulus |
| 3 | **capitalise** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | a mistake |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To provide money (capital) for a business.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:m3:1
# text = To provide money (capital) for a business.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	provide	provide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | to-infinitive |  | money |  |  |  | for a business | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition money=Theme for business=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember to capitalise the first word of every sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:x1:1
# text = Remember to capitalise the first word of every sentence.
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	capitalise	capitalise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **capitalise** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the first word of every sentence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **word** |  |  | every sentence |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Capitalise names like London and Monday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:x2:1
# text = Capitalise names like London and Monday.
1	Capitalise	capitalise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capitalise** | imperative | you *not said here* | names |  |  |  | like London and Monday | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team capitalised on their mistake and scored.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:x3:1
# text = Our team capitalised on their mistake and scored.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	capitalised	capitalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capitalis** | participle | Our team |  |  | their mistake |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **score** | past | Our team *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mistake** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She capitalised on her success to start a shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:x4:1
# text = She capitalised on her success to start a shop.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	capitalised	capitalis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capitalis** | past | She |  |  | her success |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a shop |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shop=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't capitalise the whole word – it looks like shouting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capitalise:x5:1
# text = Don't capitalise the whole word – it looks like shouting.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	capitalise	capitalise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **capitalise** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the whole word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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