---
title: capsize — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «capsize» in the school dictionary: Of a boat: to turn over in the water so that the bottom is on top. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# capsize

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bottom, boat, Mole, canoe, you, big wave · **What happens:** turn over, be, make, capsize, try, row · **To what, where:** water, top, boat, little boat, strong wind, canoe

<!-- .vabout -->
«capsize» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [capsize in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/capsize.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a boat: to turn over in the water so that the bottom is on top.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:m1:1
# text = Of a boat: to turn over in the water so that the bottom is on top.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	17	mark	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn over** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the water |  | of a boat | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the bottom |  |  | top |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a boat turn over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:m2:1
# text = To make a boat turn over.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a boat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn over** | infinitive | a boat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little boat capsized in the strong wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x1:1
# text = The little boat capsized in the strong wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	capsized	capsize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capsize** | participle |  | the little boat *not said here* |  | the strong wind |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole tried to row and capsized the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x2:1
# text = Mole tried to row and capsized the boat.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	row	row	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	capsized	capsize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | Mole |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **row** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Mole *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **capsize** | past | Mole *not said here* | the boat |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent boat=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If your canoe capsizes, hold on to it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x3:1
# text = If your canoe capsizes, hold on to it.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	capsizes	capsize	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capsize** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | your canoe |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **hold on** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | canoe |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big wave nearly capsized the ferry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x4:1
# text = A big wave nearly capsized the ferry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	capsized	capsize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ferry	ferry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capsize** | past | a big wave | the ferry |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ferry=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We practised what to do if the dinghy capsized.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x5:1
# text = We practised what to do if the dinghy capsized.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dinghy	dinghy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	capsized	capsize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 3 | **capsize** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | the dinghy |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't stand up in the boat or it will capsize.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x6:1
# text = Don't stand up in the boat or it will capsize.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	capsize	capsize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stand up** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the boat |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in boat=Location |
| 2 | **capsize** | future | boat |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone was wearing life jackets when the raft capsized.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x7:1
# text = Everyone was wearing life jackets when the raft capsized.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	jackets	jacket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	raft	raft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	capsized	capsize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past · progressive | Everyone | life jackets |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent jacket=Theme |
| 2 | **capsize** | past | the raft |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children watched the toy boat capsize in the bath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x8:1
# text = The children watched the toy boat capsize in the bath.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	capsize	capsize	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | the children |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **capsize** | present | the toy boat |  |  | the bath |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As they neared the coast of Attica a great storm burst upon them, and the ship capsized.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:capsize:x9:1
# text = As they neared the coast of Attica a great storm burst upon them, and the ship capsized.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	neared	near	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Attica	Attica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	burst	burst	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	capsized	capsize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **near** | past | they | the coast of Attica |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burst** | past | a great storm |  |  |  |  | upon them *= they* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location |
| 3 | **capsize** | participle · passive |  | the ship |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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