---
title: caption — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caption» in the school dictionary: A caption is a short piece of text next to a picture, photo or cartoon that explains it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caption

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** caption, cartoon, Captions, words, people, you · **What happens:** be, explain, show, write down, say, not hear · **To what, where:** short piece, caption, words, screen, picture, photo · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«caption» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caption in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caption.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caption is a short piece of text next to a picture, photo or cartoon that explains it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:m1:1
# text = A caption is a short piece of text next to a picture, photo or cartoon that explains it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caption	caption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	next	next	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a caption | a short piece |  |  |  | of text | tree rules |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | cartoon | caption |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Captions are words shown on a screen that write down what people say, for people who cannot hear well.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:m2:1
# text = Captions are words shown on a screen that write down what people say, for people who cannot hear well.
1	Captions	caption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Captions | words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle |  | words *not said here* |  | a screen |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **write down** | present | words |  |  |  |  | for people | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for people=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **hear** | can | people |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To caption a picture is to write a caption for it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:m3:1
# text = To caption a picture is to write a caption for it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	caption	caption	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	caption	caption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caption** | to-infinitive |  | a picture |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for caption; write *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a caption under each photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:x1:1
# text = Write a caption under each photo.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	caption	caption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a caption |  | each photo |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caption=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The caption said «A baby elephant at the zoo».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:x2:1
# text = The caption said «A baby elephant at the zoo».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caption	caption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the caption |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn on the captions so Grandad can follow the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:x3:1
# text = Turn on the captions so Grandad can follow the film.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	captions	caption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the captions |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on caption=Trajectory |
| 2 | **follow** | can | Grandad | the film |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The comic had funny captions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:x4:1
# text = The comic had funny captions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comic	comic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	captions	caption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the comic | funny captions |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caption=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caption your diagram: «The water cycle».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:x5:1
# text = Caption your diagram: «The water cycle».
1	Caption	caption	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caption** | imperative | you *not said here* | your diagram |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture was real, but the caption was false.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caption:x6:1
# text = The picture was real, but the caption was false.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	caption	caption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the picture |  |  |  |  | real *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the caption |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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