---
title: caramel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caramel» in the school dictionary: Caramel is a sweet, brown, sticky food made by heating sugar until it melts and turns brown. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caramel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Caramel, We, Melting, Grandma, Hot caramel, puppy · **What happens:** be, make, heat, melt, turn, drizzle · **To what, where:** sweet sticky food, sugar, chewy sweet, light brown colour, caramel sauce, ice cream

<!-- .vabout -->
«caramel» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caramel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caramel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caramel is a sweet, brown, sticky food made by heating sugar until it melts and turns brown.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:m1:1
# text = Caramel is a sweet, brown, sticky food made by heating sugar until it melts and turns brown.
1	Caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	heating	heat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
13	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
19	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Caramel | a sweet sticky food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a sweet sticky food *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **heat** | gerund |  | sugar |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient |
| 4 | **melt** | present | Caramel |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **turn** | present | Caramel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | brown *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caramel is a chewy sweet made from sugar, butter and milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:m2:1
# text = A caramel is a chewy sweet made from sugar, butter and milk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chewy	chewy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a caramel | a chewy sweet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a chewy sweet *not said here* |  | sugar and butter and milk |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from sugar=Material |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caramel is a light brown colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:m3:1
# text = Caramel is a light brown colour.
1	Caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Caramel | a light brown colour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drizzled caramel sauce over the ice cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:x1:1
# text = We drizzled caramel sauce over the ice cream.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drizzled	drizzle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drizzle** | past | We | caramel sauce |  | the ice cream |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sauce=Theme over cream=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Melting sugar turns into caramel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:x2:1
# text = Melting sugar turns into caramel.
1	Melting	melt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | gerund |  | sugar |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient sugar=Result |
| 2 | **turn** | present | Melting |  |  | caramel |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into caramel=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma gave us a chewy caramel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:x3:1
# text = Grandma gave us a chewy caramel.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chewy	chewy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Grandma | a chewy caramel | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient caramel=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hot caramel can burn, so ask an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:x4:1
# text = Hot caramel can burn, so ask an adult.
1	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | can | Hot caramel |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | infinitive | Hot caramel *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her puppy has a caramel-coloured coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:x5:1
# text = Her puppy has a caramel-coloured coat.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Her puppy | a coloured coat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salted caramel is sweet and a bit salty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caramel:x6:1
# text = Salted caramel is sweet and a bit salty.
1	Salted	salt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	caramel	caramel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **salt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Salted caramel |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Salted caramel *not said here* | a bit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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