---
title: carbon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carbon» in the school dictionary: A chemical element found in all living things, in coal, in diamonds and pencil «lead» (graphite). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carbon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chemical element, Plants, We, Burning, Walking, monoxide alarm · **What happens:** find, live, cut, make, take in, give out · **To what, where:** living things, carbon, Diamonds, carbon dioxide, oxygen, coal

<!-- .vabout -->
«carbon» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carbon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carbon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chemical element found in all living things, in coal, in diamonds and pencil «lead» (graphite).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:m1:1
# text = A chemical element found in all living things, in coal, in diamonds and pencil «lead» (graphite).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
7	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	graphite	graphite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle | a chemical element |  |  | all living things |  | in coal; in diamonds and pencil and lead | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for carbon dioxide or carbon emissions in talk about climate: «cut carbon», «carbon footprint».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:m2:1
# text = Short for carbon dioxide or carbon emissions in talk about climate: «cut carbon», «carbon footprint».
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	emissions	emission	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
15	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	footprint	footprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | carbon |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset carbon=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Diamonds and pencil lead are both made of carbon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x1:1
# text = Diamonds and pencil lead are both made of carbon.
1	Diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	both	both	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Diamonds and pencil lead |  |  |  | of carbon; both *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x2:1
# text = Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take in** | present | Plants | carbon dioxide |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Theme |
| 2 | **give out** | present | Plants *not said here* | oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We breathe out carbon dioxide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x3:1
# text = We breathe out carbon dioxide.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe out** | present | We | carbon dioxide |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Burning coal puts carbon dioxide into the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x4:1
# text = Burning coal puts carbon dioxide into the air.
1	Burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  | coal |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme |
| 2 | **put** | present | Burning | carbon dioxide |  | the air |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Goal |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking to school instead of driving shrinks your carbon footprint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x5:1
# text = Walking to school instead of driving shrinks your carbon footprint.
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	6	mark	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	shrinks	shrink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	footprint	footprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to school *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |
| 2 | **drive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **shrink** | present | Walking | your carbon footprint |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent footprint=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carbon monoxide alarm warns you about a dangerous gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x6:1
# text = A carbon monoxide alarm warns you about a dangerous gas.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	monoxide	monoxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	warns	warn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | a monoxide alarm |  | you |  |  | about a dangerous gas | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent you=Recipient about gas=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All living things contain carbon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x7:1
# text = All living things contain carbon.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **contain** | present | all living things | carbon |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot carbon=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carbon cycle moves carbon between air, plants, animals and the ground.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbon:x8:1
# text = The carbon cycle moves carbon between air, plants, animals and the ground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | the carbon cycle |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **plant** |  | carbon between air |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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