---
title: carbuncle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carbuncle» in the school dictionary: A carbuncle is a dark red precious stone, a round-cut garnet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carbuncle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** carbuncle, prince, necklace, Pirates · **What happens:** be, cut, find, glow, have, shine · **To what, where:** dark red precious stone, old word, glowing carbuncle, box, carbuncle, diamonds

<!-- .vabout -->
«carbuncle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carbuncle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carbuncle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carbuncle is a dark red precious stone, a round-cut garnet.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbuncle:m1:1
# text = A carbuncle is a dark red precious stone, a round-cut garnet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carbuncle	carbuncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	garnet	garnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carbuncle | a dark red precious stone and a cut garnet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carbuncle is an old word for a painful boil under the skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbuncle:m2:1
# text = A carbuncle is an old word for a painful boil under the skin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carbuncle	carbuncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	boil	boil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carbuncle | a old word |  |  |  | for a painful boil under the skin | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince found a glowing carbuncle in the box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbuncle:x1:1
# text = The prince found a glowing carbuncle in the box.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	carbuncle	carbuncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the prince | a glowing carbuncle |  | the box |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carbuncle=Topic |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen's necklace had a carbuncle that shone like torches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbuncle:x2:1
# text = The queen's necklace had a carbuncle that shone like torches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	necklace	necklace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carbuncle	carbuncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the queen's necklace | a carbuncle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carbuncle=Patient |
| 2 | **shine** | past | a carbuncle |  |  |  |  | like torches | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pirates loaded diamonds, rubies and carbuncles onto the ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carbuncle:x3:1
# text = Pirates loaded diamonds, rubies and carbuncles onto the ship.
1	Pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loaded	load	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	carbuncles	carbuncle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
8	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **load** | past | Pirates | diamonds and rubies and carbuncles |  | the ship |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent diamond=Theme onto ship=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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