---
title: caress — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caress» in the school dictionary: To caress someone or something is to touch or stroke them gently and lovingly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caress

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** caress, Wind, water, caressing word, She, mother · **What happens:** caress, be, stroke, touch, sound, give · **To what, where:** someone, them, gentle loving touch, something, it, one

<!-- .vabout -->
«caress» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caress in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caress.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To caress someone or something is to touch or stroke them gently and lovingly.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:m1:1
# text = To caress someone or something is to touch or stroke them gently and lovingly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	caress	caress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stroke	stroke	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	lovingly	lovingly	ADV	RB	_	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | touch *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stroke** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | gently *property* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caress is a gentle, loving touch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:m2:1
# text = A caress is a gentle, loving touch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caress	caress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	loving	loving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a caress | a gentle loving touch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wind or water caresses something when it touches it softly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:m3:1
# text = Wind or water caresses something when it touches it softly.
1	Wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	caresses	caress	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	touches	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | present | Wind or water | something |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **touch** | present | water | it |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caressing word or name is one that sounds loving and affectionate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:m4:1
# text = A caressing word or name is one that sounds loving and affectionate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	caressing	caressing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	loving	loving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a caressing word or name | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present |  |  |  |  |  | loving *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She caressed the kitten's soft fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x1:1
# text = She caressed the kitten's soft fur.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caressed	caress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | past | She | the kitten's soft fur |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mother caressed her baby's cheek.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x2:1
# text = The mother caressed her baby's cheek.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caressed	caress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | past | the mother | mother's baby's cheek |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheek=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gentle breeze caressed our faces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x3:1
# text = A gentle breeze caressed our faces.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caressed	caress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | past | a gentle breeze | our faces |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water caressed the side of the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x4:1
# text = The water caressed the side of the boat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caressed	caress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | past | the water | the side of the boat |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave the horse a caress on the nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x5:1
# text = He gave the horse a caress on the nose.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	caress	caress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a caress | the horse | the nose |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient caress=Theme on nose=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waves caressed the sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x6:1
# text = The waves caressed the sand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caressed	caress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | past | the waves | the sand |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
\[207\] Ivashko and Ivashechko, are caressing diminutives of Ivan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caress:x7:1
# text = [207] Ivashko and Ivashechko, are caressing diminutives of Ivan.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	207	207	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ivashko	Ivashko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Ivashechko	Ivashechko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	caressing	caress	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	diminutives	diminutive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caress** | present · progressive |  | diminutives of Ivan |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diminutive=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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