---
title: caricature — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «caricature» in the school dictionary: A funny drawing of a person that makes some features, like a big nose or ears, look much bigger than they are. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# caricature

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, funny drawing, features, thing, artist, newspaper cartoon · **What happens:** make, look, be, draw, seem, exaggerate · **To what, where:** features, person, someone, exaggerated way, caricature, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«caricature» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [caricature in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/caricature.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A funny drawing of a person that makes some features, like a big nose or ears, look much bigger than they are.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:m1:1
# text = A funny drawing of a person that makes some features, like a big nose or ears, look much bigger than they are.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
20	much	much	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	xcomp	_	_
22	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a person | some features |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset feature=Product |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | a funny drawing of a person |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **does** | present | features *= feature* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **draw** |  | a person |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A description of a person or thing that makes them seem silly by exaggerating them.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:m2:1
# text = A description of a person or thing that makes them seem silly by exaggerating them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	seem	seem	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	exaggerating	exaggerate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | thing | person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **seem** | infinitive | person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | silly *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **exaggerate** | gerund | person *not said here* | person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **describe** |  |  | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | nom description «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To draw or describe someone in this exaggerated way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:m3:1
# text = To draw or describe someone in this exaggerated way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
8	exaggerated	exaggerate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **describe** | infinitive |  | someone |  | this exaggerated way |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 3 | **exaggerate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An artist at the fair drew a caricature of me with huge teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:x1:1
# text = An artist at the fair drew a caricature of me with huge teeth.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	caricature	caricature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | a artist at the fair | a caricature of me |  |  |  | with huge teeth | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caricature=Theme |
| 2 | **caricature** |  |  | me |  |  |  |  | nom caricature «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper cartoon was a caricature of the prime minister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:x2:1
# text = The newspaper cartoon was a caricature of the prime minister.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	caricature	caricature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	prime	prime	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the newspaper cartoon | a caricature |  |  |  | of the prime minister | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the film, the villain is a caricature, not a real person.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:x3:1
# text = In the film, the villain is a caricature, not a real person.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	caricature	caricature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the villain | a caricature and a real person |  | the film |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We caricatured our teacher's big smile, kindly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:x4:1
# text = We caricatured our teacher's big smile, kindly.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caricatured	caricature	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **caricature** | past | We | our teacher's big smile |  |  |  | kindly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **smile** |  | our teacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The caricature made the king's crown enormous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:caricature:x5:1
# text = The caricature made the king's crown enormous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caricature	caricature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the caricature | the king's crown |  |  |  | enormous *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset crown=Product |
| 2 | **crown** |  | the king |  |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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