---
title: carnival — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carnival» in the school dictionary: A carnival is a fair with rides, games and food, often travelling from town to town. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carnival

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** carnival, ride, She, He, We, People · **What happens:** be, travel, cost, win, have, spend · **To what, where:** town, big street party, 3 tickets, 20 tickets, carnival, 500 visitors

<!-- .vabout -->
«carnival» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carnival in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carnival.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carnival is a fair with rides, games and food, often travelling from town to town.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:m1:1
# text = A carnival is a fair with rides, games and food, often travelling from town to town.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rides	ride	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a carnival |  |  |  |  | with rides and games and food; fair *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **travel** | gerund | a carnival *not said here* |  |  | town |  | to town; often *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to town=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carnival is a big street party with music, dancing and costumes, like the carnival in Rio or the Notting Hill Carnival.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:m2:1
# text = A carnival is a big street party with music, dancing and costumes, like the carnival in Rio or the Notting Hill Carnival.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	costumes	costume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Rio	Rio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	Notting	Notting	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
23	Hill	Hill	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Carnival	Carnival	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a carnival | a big street party and dancing and costumes and the carnival in Rio or the Notting Hill Carnival |  |  |  | with music | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each ride at the carnival costs 3 tickets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x1:1
# text = Each ride at the carnival costs 3 tickets.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each ride at the carnival | 3 tickets |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme ticket=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won 20 tickets at the carnival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x2:1
# text = She won 20 tickets at the carnival.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | 20 tickets |  | the carnival |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme at carnival=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carnival had 500 visitors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x3:1
# text = The carnival had 500 visitors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the carnival | 500 visitors |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spent 15 dollars at the carnival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x4:1
# text = He spent 15 dollars at the carnival.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | He | 15 dollars |  | the carnival |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rode the Ferris wheel at the carnival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x5:1
# text = We rode the Ferris wheel at the carnival.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Ferris	Ferris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | We | the Ferris wheel |  | the carnival |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People danced in costumes at the carnival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x6:1
# text = People danced in costumes at the carnival.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	danced	dance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	costumes	costume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | past | People |  |  | costumes |  | at the carnival | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in costume=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school carnival raises money for books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x7:1
# text = Our school carnival raises money for books.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	raises	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | present | Our school carnival | money |  |  |  | for books | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I won a goldfish at the carnival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x8:1
# text = I won a goldfish at the carnival.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	goldfish	goldfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | I | a goldfish |  | the carnival |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent goldfish=Theme at carnival=Asset |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carnival came to town for a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x9:1
# text = The carnival came to town for a week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the carnival |  |  | town | week |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to town=Initial\_Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The swimming carnival is in March (Australia).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x10:1
# text = The swimming carnival is in March (Australia).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carnival	carnival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	March	March	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the swimming carnival |  |  |  |  | in March | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There appears little doubt that the modern Carnival is a survival of the ancient Saturnalia.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carnival:x11:1
# text = There appears little doubt that the modern Carnival is a survival of the ancient Saturnalia.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Carnival	Carnival	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Saturnalia	Saturnalia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present |  | little doubt |  | there |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location doubt=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the modern Carnival | a survival |  |  |  | of the ancient Saturnalia | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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