---
title: carotene — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «carotene» in the school dictionary: An orange-yellow substance found in carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and many green leaves, which gives them their colour. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# carotene

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** yellow substance, body, vitamin, Carrots, Carotene, Sweet potatoes · **What happens:** find, give, turn, help, be, fade · **To what, where:** yellow substance, carrots, colour, leaves, it, vitamin

<!-- .vabout -->
«carotene» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [carotene in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/carotene.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orange-yellow substance found in carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and many green leaves, which gives them their colour.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:m1:1
# text = An orange-yellow substance found in carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and many green leaves, which gives them their colour.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	iobj	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | a yellow substance *not said here* |  | carrots and sweet potatoes and pumpkins and many green leaves |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | present | a yellow substance | leaves's colour | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient colour=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The body turns it into vitamin A, which helps eyes, skin and the immune system.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:m2:1
# text = The body turns it into vitamin A, which helps eyes, skin and the immune system.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the body | it |  | vitamin |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into vitamin=Trajectory |
| 2 | **help** | present | vitamin | eyes and skin and the immune system |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrots are orange because of carotene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:x1:1
# text = Carrots are orange because of carotene.
1	Carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	carotene	carotene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Carrots |  |  |  |  | because carotene; orange *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carotene turns into vitamin A in your body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:x2:1
# text = Carotene turns into vitamin A in your body.
1	Carotene	carotene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	flat	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Carotene |  |  | vitamin |  | in your body | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into vitamin=Source in body=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweet potatoes and mangoes are full of carotene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:x3:1
# text = Sweet potatoes and mangoes are full of carotene.
1	Sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	mangoes	mango	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	carotene	carotene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sweet potatoes and mangoes |  |  |  |  | of carotene; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In autumn, when the green fades, the carotene in leaves shows up.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:x4:1
# text = In autumn, when the green fades, the carotene in leaves shows up.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fades	fade	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	carotene	carotene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fade** | present | the green |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **show up** | present | the carotene in leaves |  |  |  | autumn |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating huge amounts of carrots can turn your skin a bit orange because of carotene.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:x5:1
# text = Eating huge amounts of carrots can turn your skin a bit orange because of carotene.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
12	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
13	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	carotene	carotene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  | huge amounts of carrots |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | can | Eating | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |
| 3 | **amount** |  |  | carrots |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flamingos are not pink from carotene but from similar colourings in their food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:carotene:x6:1
# text = Flamingos are not pink from carotene but from similar colourings in their food.
1	Flamingos	flamingo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	carotene	carotene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	colourings	colouring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Flamingos |  |  | carotene but similar colourings in Flamingos's food |  | pink *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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